JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Pre-requisites

Nil.

UNIT - I

Bioelectricity generation at the cellular & sub cellular level. Different bio-potentials and their characteristics. Nernst Equation: Derivations and its significance. Refractory Period Characteristics of Stimulus. Strength - Duration relationship. Electrical equivalent circuit of Axon. Membrane time and space constants.

UNIT - II

Biopotential electrodes: classification & characteristics. Electrode-Electrolyte Interface, Equivalent Circuit Properties of Needle & Micro Electrodes, Application of Bioelectric phenomena: Forward, Inverse problems. Impedance Plethysmography, Measurement of Tissue Resistance.

UNIT - III

Characteristics of Action potentials at SA Node, Atria, A V Node, Purkinje fibers and Ventricles. ECG Complexes, 12 lead ECG. Standard leads of Einthoven, Pericardial leads and augmented limb leads. Relationship between unipolar extremity leads and standard Bipolar leads.

UNIT - IV

Hodgkin- huxley formulation, Membrane conductance, Nerve conduction, membrane properties from current-voltage relations, Models of squid axon, Propagation of impulses in unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fiber, Electrical properties of receptors, Intensity- frequency relationship, Electrical properties of synaptic junctions - EPSP and IPSP. Electro Encephalogram: EEG lead system, behavior of EEG signal.

UNIT - V

Electrical activity of skeletal muscles, Motor unit potentials, neuromuscular transmission, EMG wave form, Velocity and their changes in normal and abnormal states, Fatigue and conduction, Chemical significance, Gradation of muscular activity.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Robert Plonsey and Roger Barr, Bioelectricity, McGraw Hill, 1986.
• 2. John Webster. Medical Instrumentation.- Application and Design. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New York. Third edition 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. L. A Geddes, Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation, John Wiley & Sons.
• 2. Plonsey Robert and Flemming David G. Bioelectrical phenomena, McGraw Hill.