JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Pre Requisites

Fluid Mechanics

Course Objectives

To understand basic concept of fluid flow and its application to chemical

process industries including pipe flow, fluid machinery and agitation & mixing.

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

• Understand the concepts o channel flows.
• Compute flow profiles in channel transitions and analyze hydraulic transients
• Design the working proportions of hydraulic machines

UNIT - I

Open Channel Flow: Types of flows - Type of channels – Velocity distribution – Energy and momentum correction factors – Chezy’s, Manning’s; and Bazin formulae for uniform flow Stickler’s formula for Mannings ‘n’ – Most Economical sections. Critical flow: Specific energy-critical depth – computation of critical depth – critical sub-critical and super critical flows. Non uniform flow-Dynamic equation for G.V.F., Mild, Critical, Steep, horizontal and adverse slopes-surface profiles-direct step method- for surface profiles -Rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, energy dissipation. Surges – Types

UNIT - II

Hydraulic Similitude: Dimensional analysis-Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham’s pi theorem-study of Hydraulic models – Geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarities- dimensionless numbers – model and prototype relations. Distorted and non-distorted models. Scale Effect.

UNIT - III

Basics of Turbo Machinery: Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined and curved vanes, jet striking centrally and at tip, velocity triangles at inlet and outlet, expressions for work done and efficiency-Angular momentum principle, Applications to radial flow turbines.

UNIT - IV

Hydraulic Turbines: Layout of a typical Hydropower installation – Heads and efficiencies- classification of turbines-pelton wheel-Francis turbine-Kaplan turbine-working, working proportions, velocity diagram, work done and efficiency, hydraulic design, draft tube – theory and function efficiency. Governing of turbines-surge tanks-unit and specific turbines-unit speed-unit quantity-unit power-specific speed performance characteristics-geometric similarity-cavitation and preventive measures

UNIT - V

Centrifugal Pump: installation details-classification-types work done- Manometric head- minimum starting speed-losses and efficiencies-specific speed multistage pumps-pumps in parallel- performance of pumps-characteristic curves- NPSH-cavitation. Reciprocating pumps: Basics, types, air vessels, slip Classification of Hydropower plants – Definition of terms – load factor, utilization factor, capacity factor, estimation of hydropower potential.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Open Channel flow by K. Subramanya, Tata McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt Ltd.
• 2. Fluid Mechanics & Machinery by CSP Ojha, P.N. Chandramouli and R. Berndtsson Oxford University Press.
• 3. Hydraulic Machines by K. Subramanya McGraw Hill Education(India) Pvt Ltd, 2013

REFERENCES:

• 1. Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Machines by Modi & Seth, Standard Book House, New Delhi.
• 2. Elements of Open channel flow by Ranga Raju, McGraw Hill Education(India) Pvt Ltd, 2013
• 3. Flow Through Open Channels by Rajesh Srivastava, Oxford University Press, 2011
• 4. Open Channel flow Hydraulics by R.H. French, McGraw Book Company, New York, 1986.
• 5. Fluid Mechanics by Dr. A. K. Jain Khanna Publishers 2016