JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

To understand about ecology, biodiversity and the growth of

microorganism

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course, the student should be able to understand about

ecosystem, biodiversity microorganisms and sources of energy.

UNIT - I

Ecosystems: Definition, Concept of ecosystem; Biotic, a biotic and ecological systems. Structure, functions and classification of ecosystems. Ecological pyramids. Ecological energetic: Flow of energy through food chains and food webs; Laws of thermodynamics; entropy, ecological efficiency; bio concentration and biomagnifications Biogeochemical cycles or Nutrient Cycles: sedimentary cycles; Causes and consequences of disruption of nutrient cycles with reference to Greenhouse gases and SOx. Hydrological cycle.

UNIT - II

Population ecology, biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of a species and definition of a population. Biological and group attributes of populations. Density, natality, mortality, migrations and growth of populations. Natural regulation of populations. Human population explosion and its consequences. Food, fodder, fibre, fuel, timber and medicines. Forests and the ecological implication of depletion of forests, conservation of biodiversity.

UNIT - III

Natural resources: Classification of natural resources, biotic resources; Renewable and non- renewable resources: mutable and immutable resources; Different types of resources and their natural sources. Demographic quotient; rate of consumption and depletion. Value system, equitable resource use. Distribution and exploitation; environmental implications of mining; strategies for conservation of mineral resources, land evaluation and suitability, land use/land cover mapping, LU/LC for Environmental Planning. Renewable and non-renewable resources energy; Alternate and additional sources of energy; depletion of energy resources; Conservation of energy resource; Energy use efficiency. Solar radiation and its technological ways of harvesting; Solar collectors, photovoltaic, solar ponds; Hydroelectric power, Tidal, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, Wind, Geothermal Energy, Nuclear energy-fission and fusion, Hydrogen & Fuel cells.

R16 B.TECH CIVIL & ENV. ENGG.

UNIT - IV

Diversity of micro organisms: Prokaryotes and eukaryotes, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure. General characters, beneficial and harmful effects of major groups of microorganisms, protozoa, algae, fungi, bacteria and viruses.

UNIT - V

Microbial Growth And Nutrition: Microbial nutrition, Nutritional requirements, major elements, minor elements trace metals and growth factors, Nutrient media (selective, differential, enriched, enrichment and special purpose media) and growth conditions. Nutritional types based on energy source, principal carbon source, electron donor. Proto and auxotrophs, copio and oligotrophs, phago and osmotrophs. Isolation, cultivation (aerobic & anaerobic) and preservation of microorganisms, methods for determining growth (bacterial numbers, mass and cell constituents). Physiology of growth, bacterial growth curve, Exponential growth and generation time. Bacterial growth in batch and continuous culture (chemostat and turbidostat), synchronous growth.

REFERENCES:

• 1. Fundamentals of Ecology by EP odum, WB Saurders & Co., 5th edition.
• 2. Environment and Natural Resources conservation by Trivedi R.K, 2002.
• 3. Remote sensing in Geology to Seigal, John wiely 1999.
• 4. Environmental Microbiology – Maier, R.M; Pepper, L; Gerba, C.P.-2009-2nd edition Academic Press.
• 5. Microbiology – Pelczar, K.J; Chan, E.C.S; Kreig, N.R.-2008-5th edition – Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Biotechnology: the science & the business-Moses, V; Springham, D.G; cape, R.E-1999-2nd edition-
• 6. Microbial Biotechnology – Glazer, A.N; Nikaido, H-2007-2nd edition.
• 7. Microbiology Prescott, L., Joahnne M.Willey, Linda M. Sherwood, Christopher J. Woolverton-2010, 8th Edition, Mc Graw-Hill publishing company. R16 B.TECH CIVIL & ENV. ENGG.