JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives:

Objective of this course is to introduce the students to the fundamentals of ground water flow, distribution of ground water, concept of aquifers, flow in confined and unconfined aquifers, interference among wells, well hydraulics, ground water development, ground water exploration by different techniques.

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

• Explain the types and different parameters of aquifers, and permeability of aquifers
• Compute flow in aquifers and explain the salient features of various types of wells including the losses.
• Derive the unsteady flow equation by various methods and obtain the solutions
• Explain the types and construction of wells, pumping tests in wells, working principles, and estimate power requirements of pumps and yield of wells.
• Explain the different techniques of ground water exploration.
• Explain ground water recharge, ground water runoff, ground water budget, and harvesting techniques.

UNIT - I

Ground Water Occurrence and Movement: Ground water hydrologic cycle, origin of ground Water, rock properties effecting ground water, vertical distribution of ground water, zone of aeration and zone of saturation, geologic formation as Aquifers, types of aquifers, porosity, Specific yield and Specific retention. Permeability, Darcy’s law, storage coefficient, Transmissivity, differential equation governing ground water flow in three dimensions derivation, ground water flow equation in polar coordinates system, ground water flow contours their applications.

UNIT - II

Analysis of Pumping Test data-I: Steady flow ground water flow towards a well in confined and unconfined aquifers-Dupit’s and Theism’s equations, Assumptions, Formation constants, yield of an open well interface and well tests. Unsteady flow towards a well – Non equilibrium equations-Thesis solution-Jacob and Chow’s simplifications, Leak aquifers.

UNIT - III

Surface and Subsurface Investigation: Surface methods of exploration-Electrical resistivity and Seismic refraction methods. Subsurface methods-geophysical logging and resistivity logging. Aerial Photogrammetry applications along with Case Studies in Subsurface Investigation.

R16 B.TECH CIVIL & ENV. ENGG.

UNIT - IV

Artificial Recharge of Ground Water: Concept of artificial recharge-recharge methods, relative merits. Applications of GIS and Remote Sensing in Artificial Recharge of Ground water along with Case studies.

UNIT - V

Saline Water Intrusion In aquifers: Occurrence of saline water intrusions, Ghyben- Herzberg relation, Shape of interface, control of seawater intrusion.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Ground Water Hydrology by H. M. Raghunath, Wiley Eastern Ltd
• 2. Introduction to Hydraulics & Hydrology: With Applications for Storm water Management, 4th Edition, Cengage Learning

REFERENCES:

• 1. Ground water Hydrology by David Keith Todd, John Wiley &sons. New York..
• 2. Ground water by Bawver, john Wiley &sons.
• 3. Hydrology by Subramanya K R16 B.TECH CIVIL & ENV. ENGG.