JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

The objectives was course is to give the basics knowledge of Geology

that is required for constructing various Civil Engineering Structures, basic Geology, Geological Hazardous and Environmental Geology which gives a complete picture on the Geological aspects that are to be considered for the planning and construction of major Civil Engineering projects

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

• Understand weathering process and mass movement
• Distinguish geological formations
• Identify geological structures and processes for rock mass quality
• Identify subsurface information and groundwater potential sites through geophysical investigations
• Apply geological principles for mitigation of natural hazards and select sites for dams and tunnels

UNIT - I

Introduction: Importance of geology from Civil Engineering point of view. Brief study of case histories of failure of some Civil Engineering constructions due to geological draw backs. Importance of Physical geology, Petrology and Structural geology. Weathering of Rocks : Its effect over the properties of rocks importance of weathering with reference to dams, reservoirs and tunnels weathering of common rock like “Granite”

UNIT - II

Mineralogy: Definition of mineral, Importance of study of minerals, Different methods of study of minerals. Advantages of study of minerals by physical properties. Role of study of physical properties of minerals in the identification of minerals. Study of physical properties of following common rock forming minerals: Feldsper, Quartiz, Flint, Jasper, Olivine, Augite, Hornblende, Muscovite, Biotite, Asbestos, Chlorite, Kyanite, Garnet, Talc, Calcite. Study of other common economics minerals such as Pyrite, Hematite , Magnetite, Chrorite , Galena , Pyrolusite, Graphite, Magnesite, and Bauxite. Petrology: Definition of rock: Geological classification of rocks into igneous, Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Dykes and sills, common structures and textures of igneous. Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Their distinguishing features, Megascopic and microscopic and microscopic study of Granite, Dolerite, Basalt, Pegmatite, Laerite, Conglomerate, Sand Stone, Shale, Limestone, Gneiss, Schist, Quartzite, Marble and Slate.

UNIT - III

Structural Geology: Out crop, strike and dip study of common geological structures associating with the rocks such as folds, faults uncomfornities, and joints - their important types and case studies. Their importance Insitu and drift soils, common types of soils, their origin and occurrence in India, Stabilisation of soils. Ground water, Water table, common types of ground water, springs, cone of depression, geological controls of ground water movement, ground water exploration.

UNIT - IV

Earth Quakes: Causes and effects, shield areas and seismic belts. Seismic waves, Richter scale, precautions to be taken for building construction in seismic areas. Landslides, their causes and effect; measures to be taken to prevent their occurrence. Importance of study of ground water, earth quakes and landslides. Importance of Geophysical Studies: Principles of geophysical study by Gravity methods. Magnetic methods, Electrical methods. Seismic methods, Radio metric methods and geothermal method. Special importance of Electrical resistivity methods, and seismic refraction methods. Improvement of competence of sites by grouting etc. Fundamental aspects of Rock mechanics and Environmental Geology.

UNIT - V

Geology of Dams, Reservoirs, and Tunnels: Types of dams and bearing of Geology of site in their selection, Geological Considerations in the selection of a dam site. Analysis of dam failures of the past. Factors contributing to the success of a reservoir. Geological factors influencing water Lightness and life of reservoirs - Purposes of tunneling, Effects of Tunneling on the ground Role of Geological Considerations (i.e. Tithological, structural and ground water) in tunneling over break and lining in tunnels.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Engineering Geology by N. Chennakesavulu, McMillan, India Ltd. 2005
• 2. Engineering Methods by D. Venkat Reddy; Vikas Publishers 2015.
• 3. Engineering Geology by S K Duggal, H K Pandey Mc Graw Hill Education Pvt Ltd 2014
• 4. Principles of Engineering Geology by K.V.G.K. Gokhale – B.S publications

REFERENCES:

• 1. F.G. Bell, Fundamental of Engineering B.S. Publications, 2005.
• 2. Krynine & Judd, Principles of Engineering Geology & Geotechnics, CBS Publishers & Distribution
• 3. Engineering Geology by Subinoy Gangopadhyay, Oxford university press.
• 4. Engineering Geology for Civil Engineers – P.C. Varghese PHI