JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Prerequisite

Network theory

Course Objectives:

• To understand the hydro, thermal, nuclear and gas generating stations.
• To examine A.C. and D.C. distribution systems.
• To understand and compare air insulated and gas insulated substations.
• To illustrate the economic aspects of power generation and tariff methods.

Course Outcomes

After Completion of this course the student is able to

• Draw the layout of hydro power plant, thermal power station, Nuclear power plant and gas power plant and explain its operation
• Describe A.C. and D.C. distribution systems and its voltage drop calculations
• Illustrate various economic aspects of the power plant erection, operation and different tariff methods
• Understand power factor improvement methods and determine economical power factor

UNIT - I

Thermal Power Stations: Line diagram of Thermal Power Station (TPS) showing paths of coal, steam, water, air, ash and flue gasses. - Brief description of TPS components: Economizers, Boilers, Super heaters, Turbines, Condensers, Chimney and cooling towers Gas and Nuclear Power Stations: Nuclear Power Stations: Nuclear Fission and Chain reaction. - Nuclear fuels. - Principle of operation of Nuclear reactor.-Reactor Components: Moderators, Control rods, Reflectors and Coolants. - Radiation hazards: Shielding and Safety precautions. - Types of Nuclear reactors and brief description of PWR, BWR and FBR. Gas Power Stations: Principle of Operation and Components (Block Diagram Approach Only)

UNIT - II

Hydroelectric Power Stations: Elements of hydro electric power station-types-concept of pumped storage plants-storage requirements, mass curve (explanation only) estimation of power developed from a given catchment area; heads and efficiencies. Hydraulic Turbines: Classification of turbines, impulse and reaction turbines, Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine-working proportions, work done, efficiencies , hydraulic design - draft tube- theory- functions and efficiency.

UNIT - III

D.C. Distribution Systems: Classification of Distribution Systems.- Comparison of DC vs. AC and Under-Ground vs. Over- Head Distribution Systems.- Requirements and Design

features of Distribution Systems.-Voltage Drop Calculations (Numerical Problems) in D.C Distributors for the following cases: Radial D.C Distributor fed one end and at the both the ends (equal/unequal Voltages) and Ring Main Distributor. A.C. Distribution Systems: Voltage Drop Calculations (Numerical Problems) in A.C. Distributors for the following cases: Power Factors referred to receiving end voltage and with respect to respective load voltages.

UNIT - IV

Substations: Classification of substations Air insulated substations - Indoor & Outdoor substations: Substations layout showing the location of all the substation equipment. Bus bar arrangements in the Sub-Stations: Simple arrangements like single bus bar, sectionalized single bus bar, main and transfer bus bar system with relevant diagrams. Gas insulated substations (GIS) – Advantages of Gas insulated substations, different types of gas insulated substations, single line diagram of gas insulated substations, bus bar, construction aspects of GIS, Installation and maintenance of GIS, Comparison of Air insulated substations and Gas insulated substations.

UNIT - V

Economic Aspects of Power Generation: Load curve, load duration and integrated load duration curves-load, demand, diversity, capacity, utilization and plant use factors- Numerical Problems. Tariff Methods: Costs of Generation and their division into Fixed, Semi-fixed and Running Costs. Desirable Characteristics of a Tariff Method.-Tariff Methods: Flat Rate, Block-Rate, two-part, three –part, and power factor tariff methods and Numerical Problems

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. “C. L. Wadhawa”, “Generation and utilization of Electrical Energy”, New age International (P) Limited, Publishers 1997.
• 2. “C. L. Wadhawa”, “Electrical Power Systems”, New age International (P) Limited, Publishers 1997.
• 3. “M. L. Soni, P. V. Gupta, U. S. Bhatnagar and A. Chakraborti”, “A Text Book on Power System Engineering”, Dhanpat Rai and Co. Pvt. Ltd, 1999.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. “M.V. Deshpande”, “Elements of Power Station design and practice” , Wheeler Publishing, 3rd Edition 1999.
• 2. “S. N. Singh”, “Electrical Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution”, PHI, 2003.
• 3. “V.K Mehta and Rohit Mehta”, “Principles of Power Systems”, S. Chand& Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2004.