JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Note

Steam Table book Permitted.

Pre-requisite

Thermodynamics

Course Objective

To apply the laws of Thermodynamics to analyze steam and gas turbine

cycles and to perform analysis of the major components of steam and gas turbine plants and their applications.

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course, the student should be able to

• Develop state – space diagrams based on the schematic diagrams of process flow of steam and gas turbine plants
• Apply the laws of Thermodynamics to analyze thermodynamic cycles
• Differentiate between vapour power cycles and gas power cycles
• Infer from property charts and tables and to apply the data for the evaluation of performance parameters of the steam and gas turbine plants
• Understand the functionality of major components of steam and gas turbine plants and to do the analysis of these components

UNIT - I

Steam Power Plant: Rankine cycle - Schematic layout, Thermodynamic Analysis, Concept of Mean Temperature of Heat addition, Methods to improve cycle performance – Regeneration & reheating. Boilers – Classification – Working principles with sketches including H.P.Boilers – Mountings and Accessories – Working principles- Boiler horse power, Equivalent Evaporation, Efficiency and Heat balance – Draught- Classification – Height of chimney for given draught and discharge- Condition for maximum discharge- Efficiency of chimney.

UNIT - II

Steam Nozzles : Stagnation Properties- Function of nozzle – Applications and Types- Flow through nozzles- Thermodynamic analysis – Assumptions -Velocity of nozzle at exit-Ideal and actual expansion in nozzle- Velocity coefficient- Condition for maximum discharge- Critical pressure ratio- Criteria to decide nozzle shape- Super saturated flow, its effects, Degree of super saturation and Degree of under cooling - Wilson line.

UNIT - III

Steam Turbines: Classification – Impulse turbine; Mechanical details – Velocity diagram – Effect of friction – Power developed, Axial thrust, Blade or diagram efficiency – Condition for maximum efficiency. De-Laval Turbine - its features- Methods to reduce rotor speed-

R16 B.TECH AUTOMOBILE ENGG.

Velocity compounding and Pressure compounding- Velocity and Pressure variation along the flow – Combined velocity diagram for a velocity compounded impulse turbine. Reaction Turbine: Mechanical details – Principle of operation, Thermodynamic analysis of a stage, Degree of reaction –Velocity diagram – Parson’s reaction turbine – Condition for maximum efficiency.

UNIT - IV

Steam Condensers: Requirements of steam condensing plant – Classification of condensers – Working principle of different types – Vacuum efficiency and Condenser efficiency – Air leakage, sources and its affects, Air pump- Cooling water requirement. Gas Turbines: Simple gas turbine plant – Ideal cycle, essential components – Parameters of performance – Actual cycle – Regeneration, Inter cooling and Reheating –Closed and Semi- closed cycles – Merits and Demerits- Combustion chambers and turbines of Gas Turbine Plant- Brief Concepts.

UNIT - V

Jet Propulsion : Principle of Operation –Classification of jet propulsive engines – Working Principles with schematic diagrams and representation on T-S diagram - Thrust, Thrust Power and Propulsion Efficiency – Turbo jet engines – Needs and Demands met by Turbo jet – Schematic Diagram, Thermodynamic Cycle, Performance Evaluation Thrust Augmentation – Methods. Rockets: Application – Working Principle – Classification – Propellant Type – Thrust, Propulsive Efficiency – Specific Impulse – Solid and Liquid propellant Rocket Engines.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Thermal Engineering / Mahesh M Rathore/ Mc Graw Hill
• 2. Gas Turbines – V.Ganesan /Mc Graw Hill

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Gas Turbine Theory/ Saravanamuttoo, Cohen, Rogers/ Pearson
• 2. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics / Rathakrishnan/ PHI R16 B.TECH AUTOMOBILE ENGG.