JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objective:

The course will develop an understanding of three laws of thermodynamics and kinetics.

Course Outcome:

The objectives of this course are to: Introduce the laws of thermodynamics, understand their implications, and become familiar with their use and applications and Understand physical transformations in materials

UNIT - I

Objectives and Limitations of Thermodynamics, concepts of system and state, heterogeneous and homogeneous systems, extensive and intensive properties of system, thermodynamic variables, thermodynamic equilibrium. Reversible and irreversible processes.

UNIT - II

First Law of Thermodynamics: Nature of first law, relationship between heat and work, internal energy and the first law of thermodynamics, calculations of work, constant capacity, reversible adiabatic processes, reversible isothermal pressure or volume changes of an ideal gas, enthalpy change with temperature, Kirchhoff’s equation.

UNIT - III

Second Law of Thermodynamics: Efficiency of a cyclic process, Carnot cycle, Carnot therom, second law of thermodynamics, concept of entropy, entropy and quantification of irreversibility, reversible processes. Third law of thermodynamics: Background of third law, deductions from third law, applications of third law, and other methods of obtaining ∆S0 for a reaction.

UNIT - IV

Energy Functions: Purposes of the new functions, definition of Helmholtz and Gibbs energy change, meaning of thermodynamically possible process, determination of ∆G from thermal data useful relationships among thermodynamic functions, Maxwell’s equations and Gibbs- Helmholtz equation. Fugacity, activity and equilibrium constant: Concepts of fugacity, activity and equilibrium constant variation of the equilibrium constant with temperature.

UNIT - V

Kinetics: Kinetics of chemical processes, Molecularity and order of a reaction, zero order reactions, first order and second order reactions, Determination of order of reaction, collision theory, theory of absolute reaction rates, consecutives and simultaneous reactions, catalysis in chemical reactions.

TEXT BOOK:

• 1. Introduction to Thermodynamics of Materials – D.R. Gaskell
• 2. Text Book of Materials and Metallurgical Thermodynamics: Ahindra Ghosh (PHI)
• 3. Principles of Metallurgical Thermodynamics, SK Bose and SK Roy, University Pres – IIM Series in Metallurgy and Materials Science

REFERENCES:

• 1. Physical Chemistry for Metallurgists – J. Mackowick
• 2. Physical Metallurgy Principles – RH Reed hill
• 3. An Introduction to Thermodynamics-Y. V. C. Rao