JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objective:

This course is mainly intended to describe the importance and characterization of conventional and unconventional fuels that are employed in metallurgical processes; construction, salient features and heat transfer of various furnaces; measurement of temperature through pyrometers. The characterization, manufacture testing and applications of refractories are also dealt as an integral part of the course.

Course Outcome:

On understanding the technology of fuels, furnaces and Refractories, the student will be able to select suitable furnace/refractories to meet the industrial requirements.

UNIT - I

Introduction to Fuels, Classification of fuels. Principle of Carbonization, Manufacture of Metallurgical coke Properties of Metallurgical Coke Testing of Coke. Principles of production of fuel oils from crude. Manufacture, properties and uses of Producer gas, Water gas, Blast furnace gas and coke oven gas. Nuclear fuels: Introduction; comparison between conventional fuels and nuclear fuels; Classification – Fissile and Fertile fuels; Fission and Fusion, Energy release and chain reaction.

UNIT - II

Steady State Heat Transfer: Importance of Heat transfer, conduction through plane, cylindrical, Spherical and compound walls, shape factor and effect of variable thermal conductivity.

UNIT - III

Furnaces: Characteristic features of vertical shaft furnaces, reverberatory furnaces, Arc and Induction furnaces. Tube and muffle type resistance furnaces, continuous furnaces. Sources of heat losses in furnaces and heat balance.

UNIT - IV

Pyrometry: Thermo electric pyrometry- peltier and Thomas EMF's. Thermo-electric power of thermocouples. Required properties of thermocouples. Noble and base metal thermocouples. Thermopiles. Measurement of emf by Milli-voltmeters and potentiometers. Thermometer; optical and radiation pyrometer.

UNIT - V

Refractories: Desirable properties of Refractories. Methods of classification. Modes of failure of refractories in service and their prevention. Manufacturing methods and properties of Fireclay, Silica Magnesite and Chrome-Refractories. Testing of Refractories. Applications of refractories in the metallurgical industries.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Furnaces, Fuels and Refractories - O. P. Gupta, Khanna Publishers.
• 2. Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories & Pyrometry-A. V. K. Surya Narayana.

REFERENCES:

• 1. Elements of Fuel Technology -HIMUS
• 2. Refractories - Norton
• 3. Furnaces - J. D. Gilchrist
• 4. Pyrometry-W. P. Wood& J. M. Corck