JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives:

• To understand interaction of light with matter through interference, diffraction and polarization.
• To able to distinguish ordinary light with a laser light and to realize propagation of light through optical fibers.
• To understand various crystal systems and there structures elaborately.
• To study various crystal imperfections and probing methods like X-RD. Course outcomes: after completion of this course the student is able to
• Realize the importance of light phenomena in thin films and resolution.
• Learn principle, working of various laser systems and light propagation through optical fibers.
• Distinguish various crystal systems and understand atomic packing factor.
• Know the various defects in crystals.

UNIT - I

Interference: Coherence, division of amplitude and division of wave front, interference in thin films (transmitted and reflected light), Newton’s rings experiment. Diffraction: Distinction between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, diffraction due to single slit, N-slits, Diffraction grating experiment.

UNIT - II

Polarization: Introduction, Malus’s law, double refraction, Nicol prism, Quarter wave and half wave plates. Lasers: Characteristics of lasers, spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation, Einstein coefficients, population inversion, ruby laser, helium – neon laser, semi conductor laser, applications of lasers

UNIT - III

Fiber Optics: Principle of optical fiber, construction of fiber, acceptance angle and acceptance cone, numerical aperture, types of optical fibers: step index and graded index fibers, attenuation in optical fibers, applications of optical fibers in medicine and sensors.

UNIT - IV

Crystallography: Space lattice, unit cell and lattice parameters, crystal systems, Bravais lattices, atomic radius, co-ordination number and packing factor of SC, BCC, FCC, HCP and diamond, Miller indices, crystal planes and directions, inter planar spacing of orthogonal crystal systems.

UNIT - V

X-ray Diffraction and Defects in Crystals: Bragg’s law, X-ray diffraction methods: Laue method, powder method; point defects: vacancies, substitutional, interstitial, Frenkel and

Schottky defects, line defects (qualitative) and Burger’s vector, surface defects: stacking faults, twin, tilt and grain boundaries.

Text Books:

• 1. Physics Vol. 2, Halliday, Resnick and Kramer John wiley and Sons, Edition 4.
• 2. Modern Engineering Physics, K. Vijaya Kumar and S. Chandra Lingam, S. Chand and Co. Pvt. Ltd.
• 3. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, Wiley Student edition.

Reference Books:

• 1. X-Ray Crystallography, Phillips, John Wiley publishers.
• 2. Waves, Frank S Crawford Jr, Berkeley Physics course, Volume 3.
• 3. Solid State Physics, AJ Dekker, MacMilan Publishers.
• 4. Introduction to Crystallography, Phillips, John Wiley publishers.