JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

The object of the course student should have the capability to:

• Know the principle and methods of surveying.
• Measure horizontal and vertical- distances and angles
• Recording of observation accurately
• Perform calculations based on the observation
• Identification of source of errors and rectification methods
• Apply surveying principles to determine areas and volumes and setting out curves
• Use modern surveying equipment’s for accurate results

Course Outcomes

Course will enable the student to:

• Apply the knowledge to calculate angles, distances and levels
• Identify data collection methods and prepare field notes
• Understand the working principles of survey instruments, measurement errors and corrective measures
• Interpret survey data and compute areas and volumes, levels by different type of equipment and relate the knowledge to the modern equipment and methodologies

UNIT - I

Introduction and Basic Concepts: Introduction, Objectives, classification and principles of surveying, Scales, Shrinkage of Map, Conventional symbols and Code of Signals, Surveying accessories, phases of surveying. Measurement of Distances and Directions Linear distances- Approximate methods, Direct Methods- Chains- Tapes, ranging, Tape corrections. Prismatic Compass- Bearings, included angles, Local Attraction, Magnetic Declination and dip.

UNIT - II

Leveling- Types of levels and levelling staves, temporary adjustments, methods of levelling, booking and Determination of levels, Effect of Curvature of Earth and Refraction. Contouring- Characteristics and uses of Contours, methods of contour surveying. Areas - Determination of areas consisting of irregular boundary and regular boundary. Volumes - Determination of volume of earth work in cutting and embankments for level section, volume of borrow pits, capacity of reservoirs.

UNIT - III

Theodolite Surveying: Types of Theodolites, Fundamental Lines, temporary adjustments, measurement of horizontal angle by repetition method and reiteration method, measurement of vertical Angle, Trigonometrical levelling when base is accessible and inaccessible. Traversing: Methods of traversing, traverse computations and adjustments, Omitted measurements.

UNIT - IV

Curves: Types of curves and their necessity, elements of simple, compound, reverse, transition and vertical curves. Tacheometric Surveying: Principles of Tacheometry, stadia and tangential methods of Tacheometry, Modern Surveying Methods: Principle and types of E.D.M. Instruments, Total station- advantages and Applications. Field Procedure for total station survey, Errors in Total Station Survey, Global Positioning System- Principle and Applications.

R18 B.TECH CIVIL ENGG.

UNIT - V

Photogrammetry Surveying: Introduction, Basic concepts, perspective geometry of aerial photograph, relief and tilt displacements, terrestrial photogrammetry, flight planning; Stereoscopy, ground control extension for photographic mapping- aerial triangulation, radial triangulation, methods; photographic mapping- mapping using paper prints, mapping using stereoplotting instruments, mosaics, map substitutes.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Chandra A M, “Plane Surveying and Higher Surveying”, New age International Pvt. Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.
• 2. Duggal S K, “Surveying (Vol – 1 & 2), Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

REFERENCES:

• 1. Arthur R Benton and Philip J Taety, Elements of Plane Surveying, McGraw Hill.
• 2. Surveying and levelling by R. Subramanian, Oxford university press, New Delhi
• 3. Arora K R “Surveying Vol 1, 2 & 3), Standard Book House, Delhi.
• 4. Surveying (Vol – 1, 2 & 3), by B. C. Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain and Arun Kumar Jain - Laxmi Publications (P) ltd., New Delhi. R18 B.TECH CIVIL ENGG.