JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

• Identify significant biological variables at cellular level and ways to acquire different bio-signals.
• Elucidate the methods to monitor the activity of the heart,brain, eyes and muscles.
• Introduce therapeutic equipment for intensive and critical care.
• Outline medical imaging techniques and equipment for certain diagnosis and therapies.

Course Outcomes

After completion of the course the student is able to:

• Understand biosystems and medical systems from an engineering perspective.
• Identify the techniques to acquire record and primarily understand physiological activity of the human body through cell potential, ECG, EEG, BP and blood flow measurement and EMG.
• Understand the working of various medical instruments and critical care equipment.
• Know the imaging techniques including CT,PET, SPECT and MRI used in diagnosis of various medical conditions.

UNIT - I

Bio-Potential Signals and Electrodes: Bio-signals and their characteristics, Organization of cell, Nernst equation of membrane, Resting and Action potentials. Bio-amplifiers, characteristics of medical instruments, problems encountered with measurements from living systems. Bio-potential electrodes – Body surface recording electrodes, Internal electrodes, micro electrodes. Bio-chemical transducers – reference electrode, the pH electrodes, Blood gas electrodes.

UNIT - II

Cardiovascular Instrumentation: Heart and cardiovascular system Heart electrical activity, blood pressure and heart sounds. Cardiovascular measurements electro cardiography – electrocardiogram, ECG Amplifier, Electrodes and leads, ECG recorder principles. Types of ECG recorders. Principles of blood pressure and blood flow measurement.

UNIT - III

Neurological Instrumentation: Neuronal communication, electro encephalogram (EEG), EEG Measurements EEG electrode-placement system, interpretation of EEG, EEG system Block diagram, preamplifiers and amplifiers. EMG block diagram and Stimulators

UNIT - IV

Equipment for Critical Care: Therapeutic equipment - Pacemaker, Defibrillator, Shortwave diathermy, Hemodialysis machine. Respiratory Instrumentation - Mechanism of respiration, Spirometry, Pneumotachograph, Ventilators.

UNIT - V

Principles of Medical Imaging: Radiography, computed Radiography, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Medicine, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Ultrasonography, Introduction to Telemedicine.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Hand-book of Biomedical Instrumentation – by R.S. Khandpur, McGraw-Hill, 2003.
• 2. Medical Instrumentation, Application and Design – by John G. Webster, John Wiley.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements – by Leslie Cromwell, F.J. Weibell, E.A. Pfeiffer, PHI.
• 2. Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation – by L.A. Geoddes and L.E. Baker, John Wiley and Sons.
• 3. Introduction to Biomedical equipment technology-by Joseph Carr and Brown.