JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Prerequisite

Reliability Engineering, Power System-I, Power System-II, Power System Operation and

Control

Course Objectives:

• To describe the generation system model and recursive relation for capacitive model building
• To explain the equivalent transitional rates, cumulative probability and cumulative frequency
• To develop the understanding of risk, system and load point reliability indices
• To explain the basic and performance reliability indices

Course Outcomes

Upon the completion of this course, the student will be able to

• Estimate loss of load and energy indices for generation systems model
• Describe merging generation and load models
• Apply various indices for distribution systems
• Evaluate reliability of interconnected systems

UNIT - I

Basic Probability Theory: Elements of probability, probability distributions, Random variables, Density and Distribution functions- Binomial distribution- Expected value and standard deviation - Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, exponential distribution, Weibull distribution. Definition of Reliability: Definition of terms used in reliability, Component reliability, Hazard rate, derivation of the reliability function in terms of the hazard rate. Hazard models - Bath tub curve, Effect of preventive maintenance. Measures of reliability: Mean Time to Failure and Mean Time between Failures.

UNIT - II

Generating System Reliability Analysis: Generation system model – capacity outage probability tables – Recursive relation for capacitive model building – sequential addition method – unit removal – Evaluation of loss of load and energy indices – Examples. Frequency and Duration methods – Evaluation of equivalent transitional rates of identical and non-identical units – Evaluation of cumulative probability and cumulative frequency of non-identical generating units – 2-level daily load representation - merging generation and load models – Examples.

UNIT - III

Operating Reserve Evaluation: Basic concepts - risk indices – PJM methods – security function approach – rapid start and hot reserve units – Modeling using STPM approach. Bulk Power System Reliability Evaluation: Basic configuration – conditional probability approach – system and load point reliability indices – weather effects on transmission lines – Weighted average rate and Markov model – Common mode failures. Inter Connected System Reliability Analysis: Probability array method – Two inter connected systems with independent loads – effects of limited and unlimited tie capacity - imperfect tie – Two connected Systems with correlated loads – Expression for cumulative probability and cumulative frequency.

UNIT - IV

Distribution System Reliability Analysis: Basic Techniques – Radial networks –Evaluation of Basic reliability indices, performance indices – load point and system reliability indices – customer oriented, loss and energy-oriented indices – Examples. Basic concepts of parallel distribution system reliability

UNIT - V

Substations and Switching Stations: Effects of short-circuits - breaker operation – Open and Short- circuit failures – Active and Passive failures – switching after faults – circuit breaker model – preventive maintenance – exponential maintenance times.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Reliability Evaluation of Power systems by R. Billinton, R.N. Allan, BS Publications, 2007.
• 2. Reliability Modeling in Electric Power Systems by J. Endrenyi, John Wiley and Sons, 1978

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Reliability Engineering: Theory and Practice by Alessandro Birolini, Springer Publications.
• 2. An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering by Charles Ebeling, TMH Publications.
• 3. Reliability Engineering by E. Balaguruswamy, TMH Publications.
• 4. Reliability Engineering by Elsayed A. Elsayed, Prentice Hall Publications.