JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Pre-requisites

Physics, Mathematics

Course Objectives

• To provide basic knowledge in transduction principles, sensors and transducer technology and measurement systems.
• To provide better familiarity with the Theoretical and Practical concepts of Transducers.
• To provide familiarity with different sensors and their application in real life.
• To provide the knowledge of various measurement methods of physical parameters like velocity, acceleration, torque, pressure, flow, temperature etc. and their relevance to Industry.

Course Outcomes

After completion of the course the student is able to:

• Identify suitable sensors and transducers for real time applications.
• Translate theoretical concepts into working models.
• Design the experimental applications to engineering modules and practices.
• Design engineering solution to the Industry/Society needs and develop products.

UNIT - I

Introduction to measurement systems: General concepts and terminology, measurement systems, sensor classifications: Analog Input and Output, Digital Input and Output, general input-output configuration, methods of correction. Passive Sensors Resistive Sensors: Potentiometers, Strain Gages, Resistive Temperature Detectors (RTDs), Thermistors, Light-dependent Resistors (LDRs), Resistive Hygrometers. Capacitive Sensors: Variable capacitor and Differential capacitor. Inductive Sensors: Reluctance variation sensors, Eddy current sensors, Linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs), Magneto elastic sensors, Electromagnetic sensors - Sensors based on Faraday‘s law of Electromagnetic induction, Touch Sensors: Capacitive, Resistive, Proximity Sensors.

UNIT - II

Self-generating Sensors Thermoelectric Sensors: Thermocouples, Thermo electric effects, Common thermocouples, Practical thermocouple laws, Cold junction compensation in thermocouples circuits. Piezoelectric Sensors: Piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric materials, applications. Pyroelectric Sensors: Pyroelectric effect, pyroelectric materials, Radiation laws: Plank, Wein and Stefan-Boltzmann, Applications. Photovoltaic Sensors: Photovoltaic effect, materials and applications. Hall Effect Sensors

UNIT - III

Digital Sensors: Position Encoders, Incremental position encoders, absolute position encoders, Variable frequency sensors-Quartz digital thermometers, vibrating cylinder sensors, SAW sensors, Digital flow meters. Sensors based on MOSFET Transistors, Charge coupled Sensors. Smart Sensors: Definition of a Smart sensor, Smart sensor systems, Characteristics, Architectures, buses and interfaces, Smart sensors for electrical and non-electrical variables: Pressure and Temperature. Standards for Smart Sensors.

R18 B.Tech. EIE

UNIT - IV

MEMS Sensors and Applications: MEMS Overview: Unique Characteristics of MEMS, Typical Application Areas of MEMS, MEMS Accelerometer, Optical MEMS, MEMS as a switch, MEMS Micro actuators. Principles of micro sensors: MEMS for Pressure, Force and Temperature Measurement.

UNIT - V

Signal conditioning: Voltage dividers, Wheatstone Bridge, Instrumentation amplifier and linearization of resistive bridge sensor, Electrostatic shield, Noise elimination using filters. Introduction to Resolver-to-Digital Converters and Digital-to-Resolver converters: Introduction to Synchros and Resolvers. Synchro-to-Resolver converters, Digital-to-Resolver converters, Resolver-to-Digital Converters.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Sensors and Signal Conditioning, Ramon Pallas-Areny, John G. Webster, 2nd Edition.
• 2. Sensors and Transducers: D. Patranabis, TMH 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Microsensors, MEMS and Smart Devices: Julian Garder, Vijay K. Varadan, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (2006).
• 2. Sensor Technology Hand Book – Jon Wilson, Newne 2004.
• 3. Instrument Transducers – An Introduction to their Performance and design – by Herman K.P. Neubrat, Oxford University Press.
• 4. Measurement system: Applications and Design – by E.O. Doeblin, McGraw Hill Publications.
• 5. Electronic Instrumentation by H.S. Kalsi. R18 B.Tech. EIE