JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Pre-requisites

Mathematics, Circuit Theory.

Course Objectives

• Understand different measurement methods and errors associated with them.
• Know the different standards and calibration methodologies adopted in the measurement systems.
• Know different AC and DC bridges for the measurement of R, L and C.
• Know different types of Oscilloscopes and Analyzers (Analog and Digital).
• Acquire clear concepts about the DC and AC voltage and current measurements

Course Outcomes After completion of the course the student is able to:

• Understand the different methods of measurement.
• Calibrate different instruments.
• Design bridges circuits for the measurement of unknown R, L and C
• Display and Analyze any complex waveforms through analog and digital techniques.

UNIT - I

Introduction to measurements: Physical measurement. Forms and methods of measurements. Measurement errors. Statistical analysis of measurement data. Probability of errors. Limiting errors. Standards. Definition of standard units. International standards. Primary standards. Secondary standards. Working standards. Voltage standard. Resistance standard. Current standard. Capacitance standard. Time and frequency standards, Standards for Mass, Length and Volume, Standards of Temperature and Luminous Intensity, IEEE Standards.

UNIT - II

Testing and calibration: Traceability. Measurement reliability. Calibration experiment and evaluation of results. Primary calibration. Secondary calibration. Direct calibration. Indirect calibration. Routine calibration. Calibration of a voltmeter, ammeter and an oscilloscope: case study.

UNIT - III

Voltage and current measurements: DC & AC voltage measurements using Rectifier, Thermocouple & Electronic voltmeters, Ohm meter, Digital Voltmeters, Range Extension of Ammeters & Voltmeter, Digital Multimeter Frequency Counters: Basic Principle, errors associated with counter, Different modes of operations: Frequency, Time, Time Period, Average time period, Totalizing, Frequency synthesizer, Wave meters, Wave Analyzers, Output Power meter.

UNIT - IV

Bridges: AC Bridges – measurement of inductance: - Maxwell‘s bridge, Anderson bridge, Hays Bridge measurement of capacitance:-Schering bridge, measurement of impedance: – Kelvin‘s bridge, Wheat Stone bridge, HF bridges, problems of shielding, and grounding, Q-meter.

UNIT - V

Oscilloscopes: CRO operation, CRT characteristics, probes, Time base sweep modes, Trigger generator, Vertical amplifier, modes of operation, A, B, alternate & chop modes, sampling oscilloscopes, storage oscilloscope, Standard specifications of CRO, Synchronous selector circuits. Analyzers Spectrum analyzers, Different types of spectrum analyzers, Display Devices and Display Systems, Logic Analyzers – State & time referenced data capture. Scalar and Vector network analyzers.

R18 B.Tech. EIE

TEXT BOOKS

• 1. Electronic Instrumentation – HS Kalsi, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2004.
• 2. Electronic Instrumentation and measurements techniques by Helfrick and W.D. Cooper, PHI publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS

• 1. Principles of measurement systems, John P. Bentley: 3rd edition, Addison Wesley Longman, 2000.
• 2. Measuring Systems, Application and Design: E. O. Doebelin, McGraw Hill.
• 3. Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Sawhney, Khanna Publ.
• 4. Electronic Instrumentation and measurements: David A. Bell, 2nd Edition, PHI, 2003.
• 5. Electronic instruments and instrumentation Technology, M.M.S. Anand: Prentice Hall of India, 2004. R18 B.Tech. EIE