JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Pre-requisites

Thermal Engineering, Heat Transfer

Course Objectives:

• Provide students with opportunities to apply basic flow equations
• Train the students to acquire the knowledge and skill of analyzing different turbo machines.
• How to compare and chose machines for various operations

Course Outcomes:

• Ability to design and calculate different parameters for turbo machines
• Prerequisite to CFD and Industrial fluid power courses
• Ability to formulate design criteria
• Ability to understand thermodynamics and kinematics behind turbo machines

UNIT - I

Introduction to Turbomachinery: Classification of turbo-machines, second law of thermodynamics applied to turbine and compressors work, nozzle, diffuser work, fluid equation, continuity, Euler‘s, Bernoulli‘s, equation and its applications, expansion and compression process, reheat factor, preheat factor

UNIT - II

Fundamental Concepts of Axial and Radial Machines: Euler‘s equation of energy transfer, vane congruent flow, influence of relative circulation, thickness of vanes, number of vanes on velocity triangles, slip factor, Stodola, Stanitz and Balje‘s slip factor, suction pressure and net positive suction head, phenomena of cavitation in pumps, concept of specific speed, shape number, axial, radial and mixed flow machines, similarity laws.

UNIT - III

Gas Dynamics: Fundamental thermodynamic concepts, isentropic conditions, mach numbers, and area, Velocity relations, Dynamic Pressure, Normal shock relation for perfect gas. Supersonic flow, oblique shock waves. Normal shock recoveries, detached shocks, Aerofoil theory. Centrifugal compressor: Types, Velocity triangles and efficiencies, Blade passage design, Diffuser and pressure recovery. Slip factor, Stanitz and Stodolas formula's, Effect of inlet mach numbers, Pre whirl, Performance

UNIT - IV

Axial Flow Compressors: Flow Analysis, Work, and velocity triangles, Efficiencies, Thermodynamic analysis. Stage pressure rise, Degree of reaction, Stage Loading, General design, Effect of velocity, Incidence, Performance Cascade Analysis: Geometrical and terminology. Blade force, Efficiencies, Losses, Free end force, Vortex Blades.

UNIT - V

Axial Flow Gas Turbines: Work done. Velocity triangle and efficiencies, Thermodynamic flow analysis, Degree of reaction, Zweifels relation, Design cascade analysis, Soderberg, Hawthrone, Ainley, Correlations, Secondary flow, Free vortex blade, Blade angles for variable degree of reaction. Actuator disc, Theory, Stress in blades, Blade assembling, Material and cooling of blades, Performances, Matching of compressors and turbines, off design performance.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Principles of Turbo Machines/DG Shepherd / Macmillan
• 2. Turbines, Pumps, Compressors/Yahya/ Mc Graw Hill

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. A Treatise on Turbo machines / G. Gopal Krishnan and D. Prithviraj/ SciTech
• 2. Gas Turbine Theory/ Saravanamuttoo/ Pearson
• 3. Turbo Machines/ A Valan Arasu/ Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.