JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Overview

Course objectives:

• To highlight the fundamental role of Thermodynamics in describing metallurgical and materials processes.
• To learn and use thermodynamic functions, rules and relations and interpret thermodynamic plots and diagrams.

Course Outcomes

After completing this course, the student should be able to:

• Use the various thermodynamic functions appropriately under different experimental situations involving gases, liquids and solids
• Derive and explain the Gibbs Phase rule
• Utilize Ellingham diagrams Utilize Pourbaix diagrams

UNIT - I

Objectives and Limitations of Thermodynamics, concepts of system and state, heterogeneous and homogeneous systems, gases: Ideal gas, Real gas, Van-der Waals; extensive and intensive properties, of system, thermodynamic variables, thermodynamic equilibrium. Reversible and irreversible processes. First Law of Thermodynamics: Nature of first law, relationship between heat and work, internal energy and the first law of thermodynamics, calculations of work,, enthalpy change with temperature, Kirchhoff’s equation.

UNIT - II

Second Law of Thermodynamics: Efficiency of a cyclic process, Carnot cycle, Carnot theorem, second law of thermodynamics, concept of entropy, entropy and quantification of irreversibility, reversible processes. Third law of thermodynamics: Background of third law, deductions from third law, applications of third law, and other methods of obtaining ΔS0 for a reaction. Statistical interpretation of entropy, Boltzmann equation.

UNI - III Energy Functions: Purposes of the new functions, definition of Helmholtz and Gibbs energy change, meaning of thermodynamically possible process, determination of ΔG from thermal data useful relationships among thermodynamic functions, Maxwell’s equations and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. Fugacity, activity and equilibrium constant: Concepts of fugacity, activity and equilibrium constant variation of the equilibrium constant with temperature. Application of the Clausius – Clapeyron equation for single substance, Duhringes rule for the estimation of the vapor pressures of an element, Integration of Clausius – Clapeyron equation.

UNIT - IV

Solutions: Composition, Concept of chemical potentia, partial molal quantities, Gibb's - Duhem equation, integration of Gibbs' - Duhem equation, ideal dilute solutions, ideal solutions, Raoults Law, actual (Non-ideal) solutions (Henry’s Law), Sieverts law, Excess thermodynamics quantities.

UNIT - V

Application of Ellingham diagrams to process metallurgy: Introduction, calculation of equilibrium constants from standard energy changes, general description of Ellingham diagrams, Interpretation of two or more free energy change vs. temperature lines taken together, derivation and uses of the oxygen, nomographic scale in Richardson’s diagrams.

R18 B.TECH MME

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Introduction to Thermodynamics of Materials, 5th Edition, David R Gaskell, Taylor and Francis, 2016.
• 2. Materials Thermodynamics with Emphasis on Chemical Approach, Hae-Geon Lee, World Scientific Publishing, 2012.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Thermodynamics in Materials Science, Robert De-Hoff, CRC Press, 2006.
• 2. Principles of Metallurgical Thermodynamics/ SK Bose and SK Roy; Editor-in- Chief, Baldev Raj. Published by Universities Press (India) Private Limited, 2014. R18 B.TECH MME