JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Overview

Course objectives: To become familiar with the science, synthesis, evaluation, and applications of electronic materials. To know the manufacturing processes associated with use of electronic materials for devices.

Course Outcomes

After completing this course, the student will be able to:

• 1. Indicate and explain important scientific parameters associated with electronic materials
• 2. Describe different semiconductors and their properties with examples
• 3. Explain the features and functioning of several electronic devices
• 4. Describe the manufacturing processes associated with electronic materials and devices

UNIT - I

Review of quantum mechanics: Electron as waves and particles; Wave-function; Electron as a plane- wave, Schrodinger Equation, DC conductivity in metals. Wigner-Seitz cell; k-space: Origin of energy bands and band-gap; Free electron band diagram, Extended-, Periodic and reduced-zone representation for ε - k diagram; Allowed number of states in a band

UNIT - II

Conductivity in relation to band structure; Band structure of metals and semiconductors, and insulators; Band-overlap: why some metals show positive charge carriers in Hall-effect. Band diagrams, direct and indirect bandgap, applications of semiconductors;

UNIT - III

Intrinsic semiconductors: Maxwell-Boltzman equation; Law-of mass-action; Direct vs Indirect Semiconductors, Extrinsic-semiconductor: n- and p-type semiconductors; Degenerate and non- degenerate semiconductors. p-n junction and solar cells; Bandgap engineering: Solid-state LEDs, Lasers and IR detectors. Dia, para and, Ferro magnetism, ferrites, magnetic hysteresis, Applications.

UNIT - IV

Ionic conduction, conduction in glasses; Effect of stoichiometric and extrinsic defects on conduction, Applications in sensors and fuel cells. Dielectric constants and polarization, linear dielectric materials, capacitors; Polarization mechanisms; Non-linear dielectrics, pyro- , piezo-, and ferro-electric properties, hysteresis and ferroelectric domains; Applications in sensors, actuators and memory devices.

UNIT - V

Semiconductor manufacturing, overview of process flow, manufacturing goals. Scaling. Wafer manufacturing. Si ingot preparation. Poly to single crystal conversion. Czochralski vs. float zone method. IC device manufacturing overview. Thermal oxidation. Doping. Lithography. Etching and growth. Metallization and growth.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Electronic Properties of Materials: An Introduction for Engineers, Rolf E. Hummel, Springer Verlag, 1985
• 2. Physical Properties of Semiconductors, Charles M. Wolfe, Nick Holonyak and Gregory E. Stillman, Prentice Hall, 1989
• 3. “Electronic Properties of Materials” by R. E. Hummel, Springer, 2017. R18 B.TECH MME III YEAR

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Advanced Theory of Semiconductor Devices, Karl Hess, Prentice Hall, 1988
• 2. Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals, Robert F. Pierret as part of Modular Series on Solid State Devices Vol. 6, Addison Wesley, 1989
• 3. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, John Wiley & Sons 1991
• 4. Electrical Properties of Materials, L. Solymar and D. Walsh, Oxford University press, 1998.
• 5. Physics of Solids, C. A. Wert and R.M. Thomson, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970 or later R18 B.TECH MME III YEAR