JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Pre-Requisites

NIL

Course Objectives:

This course is aimed at providing the necessary geological inputs required for a mining engineer. The components would help the mining engineering student to understand the identification of important minerals and rocks, strengths and weaknesses of rocks, physical and mechanical properties of rocks and the response of rocks to loading and excavation. The knowledge pertaining to the genesis of mineral deposits, mineral exploration, ore reserves estimation and mineral resources of India are of immense use in the mining engineering practice. A mining engineer should learn geology thoroughly since his profession would require him to know the methods of mining and different types of underground openings.

Course Outcomes:

Students will gain the skills to identify the geological problems, hazards, and phenomena occurring in the mining practice. Students can understand the origin of mineral deposits, techniques of mineral exploration and estimation of mineral resources as outcome of this course.

UNIT - I

Introduction: Branches of Geology useful to mining engineering and scope of geological studies in various mining engineering projects. Mineralogy: Physical properties, chemical composition, mode of occurrence and uses of important rock-forming, ore-forming and industrial minerals- Quartz, Feldspars, Olivine, Augite, Hornblende, Micas, Calcite, Dolomite, Kaolinite, Illite, Montmorillonite, Talc, Chlorite, Garnet, Kyanite, Hematite, Magnetite, Gypsum, Bauxite, Graphite, Corundum, Chromite, Magnesite, Barytes, Apatite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Sphalerite, and Galena. Petrology: Origin/mode of formation, mineral composition, textures and structures and mode of occurrence of important igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks - Granite, Rhyolite, Gabbro, Dolerite, Basalt, Pegmatite, Syenite, Trachyte, Laterite, Conglomerate, Breccia, Sandstone, Shale, Limestone, Slate, Phyllite, Schist, Gneiss, Quartzite, Marble, Khondalite and Charnockite. Engineering properties of rocks: Physical and mechanical properties of rocks, stress-strain behaviour of rocks under uniaxial compression, factors controlling the strength of rocks, numerical values and constructional uses of rocks.

UNIT - II

Rock weathering: Definition, rate of weathering, processes of weathering, end products of weathering, susceptibility of rocks to weathering, assessment of the degree and depth of weathering, classification of weathering. Geology of soils: Genesis/origin, profile of the soils, Geological classification and description of soils, soil conservation with reference to mining and major soil groups of India. Land forms: Mode of formation/origin, characteristic features and engineering considerations of erosional and depositional land forms of alluvial, aeolian, glacial and marine.

UNIT - III

Structural Geology: Strike and Dip, outcrop, Fundamental types, characteristic features, field criteria, mechanics and engineering considerations of folds, faults, joints (discontinuities) and unconformities. Foliation and lineation.

R18 B.TECH MINING ENGG.

Ground Water: Hydrologic cycle, water table, vertical distribution of ground water, types of aquifers, Geologic formations as aquifers, springs, ground water movement, ground water exploration and ground water control.

UNIT - IV

Economic Geology: Definitions of ore, gangue, tenor/grade of ore. Processes and formation of ore deposits. Geological time scale, metallogenic epochs and provinces. Mineral Exploration: Geological, Geophysical, Geochemical and remote sensing methods of mineral exploration. Mineral Economics: Estimation and determination of mineral resources and reserves by classical and modern methods. Mineral Resources of India: Major and Minor mineral resources of India, Brief description of origin, environment and distribution of mineral deposits of India.

UNIT - V

Geology of Tunnels: Purpose, Stand-up time of different rock mass classes, Engineering geological investigations (litho logical, structural, groundwater, geophysical and borehole drilling) to drive tunnels in soft and hard ground, geology of some well-known tunnels of India, problems in tunnelling and their solutions. Mining Methods: Geological factors to be considered in the selection of alluvial mining/ surface mining, quarrying, open-cast mining and underground mining; Role of Geology in the opening of Shafts and Inclines.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Peters, W. C. Exploration and Mining Geology (2nd Ed.); 1987. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
• 2. P.K. Mukerjee, A Text Book of Geology (13th Ed.); 1997. Reprinted 2018, The World Press Pvt. Ltd. Kolkata.
• 3. RNP Arogyaswamy, Courses in Mining Geology (Fourth Edition) 1995, Reprint, 2017, OXFORD & IBH; CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Geology and Mineral Resources of India, Misc. Publication No. 30, Part- XXII,
• 2. Geological Survey of India, 2010.
• 3. Mining Geology by Hugh Exton Mc Kinstry, 1948, Asia Publishing House (1960)
• 4. Geological Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining by Roger Marjoribanks, Springer 2nd Ed. 2010.
• 5. Introduction to Mineral Exploration, Second Edition, Edited by Charles J. Moon, Michael K. G. Whateley & Anthony M. Evans R18 B.TECH MINING ENGG.