B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R18)
This subject discusses the various well stimulation treatments that are frequently
used to stimulate old or poorly producing wells. It will cover the stimulation techniques as tools to help manage and optimize reservoir development. The course includes; acidizing and fracturing quality control, conducting the treatment, monitoring pressures, and other critical parameters, during and after the treatment.
The student would be familiarized with the selection of stimulation techniques best
suited for various formation types and situations, application of basic non-acid and acidizing concepts and also basic hydraulic fracturing concepts.
Reservoir justification of stimulation treatments: Introduction- Fundamentals of pressure transient analysis- Well and reservoir analysis. Elements of rock mechanics: Basic concepts- Pertinent rock properties and their measurement- In- Situ stress and its determination.
UNTI - II Modeling of hydraulic fractures: Conservation laws, and constitutive equations- Fracture propagation models- Fluid-Flow modeling- Acid fracturing. Fracturing fluid chemistry: Water-Base fluids- Oil-Base fluids- Multiphase fluids- Additives- Execution.
Fracturing fluid proppant and characterization: Rheology- Shear and temperature effects on fluid properties- Foam fracturing fluids- Slurry rheology- Proppant transport- Fluid loss- Formation and fracture damage- Proppants. Pre-Treatment data requirements: Types of data- Sources of data- Dynamic downhole testing. Fracturing diagnosis using pressure analysis: Basic relations- Pressure during pumping- Analysis during closure- Combined analysis pumping and closure- Field procedures.
Considerations in fracture design: Size limitations- Considerations with predetermined size or volume- Benefits of high proppant concentrations- Effect of reservoir properties- Effects of perforations on fracture execution. Fracture-Height predictions and post-treatment measurements: Linear fracture-mechanics modeling for fracture height- Fracture-height prediction procedures- Techniques to measure fracture height. Matrix acidizing of sandstones: Criteria for fluid selection- Organization of the decision tree- Preflush and postflush- Acidizing sandstones with mud acid- Other acidizing formulations- Matrix acidizing design.
Fluid placement and diversion in sandstone acidizing: Techniques of fluid placement- Diverting agents. Matrix acidizing treatment evaluation: Derivation of bottom hole parameters from wellhead measurements- Monitoring skin evolution during treatment.
Principles of acid fracturing: Comparison of acid Fracturing Vs Fracturing with propping agent and nonreactive fluids- Factors controlling the effectiveness of acid fracturing treatments- Acid fluid loss- Acid spending during fluid injection- Treatment design.
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