B.Tech II Year II Semester (R22)
A course on “Data Structures”.
Database System Applications: A Historical Perspective, File Systems versus a DBMS, the Data Model, Levels of Abstraction in a DBMS, Data Independence, Structure of a DBMS Introduction to Database Design: Database Design and ER Diagrams, Entities, Attributes, and Entity Sets, Relationships and Relationship Sets, Additional Features of the ER Model, Conceptual Design With the ER Model
Introduction to the Relational Model: Integrity constraint over relations, enforcing integrity constraints, querying relational data, logical database design, introduction to views, destroying/altering tables and views. Relational Algebra, Tuple relational Calculus, Domain relational calculus.
SQL: QUERIES, CONSTRAINTS, TRIGGERS: form of basic SQL query, UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT, Nested Queries, aggregation operators, NULL values, complex integrity constraints in SQL, triggers and active databases. Schema Refinement: Problems caused by redundancy, decompositions, problems related to decomposition, reasoning about functional dependencies, First, Second, Third normal forms, BCNF, lossless join decomposition, multivalued dependencies, Fourth normal form, Fifth normal form.
Transaction Concept, Transaction State, Implementation of Atomicity and Durability, Concurrent Executions, Serializability, Recoverability, Implementation of Isolation, Testing for serializability, Lock Based Protocols, Timestamp Based Protocols, Validation- Based Protocols, Multiple Granularity, Recovery and Atomicity, Log–Based Recovery, Recovery with Concurrent Transactions.
Data on External Storage, File Organization and Indexing, Cluster Indexes, Primary and Secondary Indexes, Index data Structures, Hash Based Indexing, Tree based Indexing, Comparison of File Organizations, Indexes- Intuitions for tree Indexes, Indexed Sequential Access Methods (ISAM), B+ Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure.
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