JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives:

• 1. To understand different measurement methods and errors associated with them
• 2. To know the different standards and calibration methodologies adopted in the measurement systems
• 3. To know different AC and DC bridges for the measurement of R, L and C
• 4. To know different types of Oscilloscopes and Analyzers (Analog and Digital)

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

• 1. Use the different methods of measurement and know the error calculations
• 2. Do the Calibration of different instruments
• 3. Calculate the values of R, L and C by balancing the bridges circuits
• 4. Measure the waveforms in an oscilloscope and analyze any complex waveforms through analog and digital techniques Course PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 CO1 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 1 CO2 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - 1 CO3 3 3 2 2 - - - - - - - 1 CO4 3 3 2 2 - - - - - - - 1

UNIT - I

Introduction to Measuring System: Static Characteristics, Error in measurement, Type of static errors, Dynamic characteristics, Statistical analysis, Probability of errors, Limiting errors, Standards - International standards, Primary standards, Secondary standards, Working standards. Voltage, Current and Power Measurements: DC Ammeters and DC Voltmeters, AC voltmeter using rectifier, True RMS responding voltmeters, Electronic multimeters, Digital Voltmeters - General characteristics, Ramp type DVM, Integrating type DVM, Successive approximation type DVM, Calibration of voltmeter and ammeter, Wattmeter for power measurement, Watt-hour meter (Energy Meter), Power factor meters.

UNIT - II

Bridge Circuit and Measurements: Bridge Measurement – Wheatstone bridge, Kelvin bridge, AC bridges - Conditions for bridge balance, Maxwell’s bridge, Anderson bridge, Hays bridge, Schering bridge, Wien bridge, Wagner ground connection, Q- meter, Vector impedancemeter.

UNIT - III

Frequency and Time Measurements: Digital Frequency Meter: Principle of operation, Basic circuit of digital frequency meter, frequency measurement, High frequency measurements, Digital measurement of Time-Time base selector, Period measurement, Ratio and multiple ratio measurements, Electronic Counter - Totalizing, Frequency mode, Ratio mode, Period mode, Time intervalmode.

UNIT - IV

Analyzers: Basic Wave Analyzer - Frequency selective wave analyzer and Heterodyne wave analyzer, Harmonic distortion analyzer - Tuned circuit and heterodyne, Spectrum analyzer, Logicanalyzers.

UNIT - V

Oscilloscope and Some Display Devices: Oscilloscopes: Basic CRO circuits, Lissajous patterns, Multi input oscilloscopes - Dual trace and Dual beam, Sampling oscilloscopes, Storage oscilloscope - Analog and Digital.

Display Devices: Segmental Display - 7 segment, 14 segment and Dot Matrix, LED and LCD.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Helfrick and W.D. Cooper -Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements Techniques, PHI Publications
• 2. Shawney - Electrical and Electronic Measurements, Khanna Pub

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. H. S. Kalsi - Electronic Instrumentation, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004
• 2. Bernard Oliver- Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, John Cage
• 3. John P. Bentley - Principles of Measurement Systems, 3rd Ed., Addison Wesley Longman, 2000
• 4. David A. Bell - Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, 2nd Ed., PHI, 2003