JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

To introduce various technologies of surveying on the surface and underground

mining situations including distance measurements, leveling, contouring, traversing etc along with descriptions of associated instruments.

Course Outcomes:

• 1. The students obtain the knowledge of plane surveying, remote surveying, GIS and total station.
• 2. Acquire the concepts of levelling and handling of levelling equipments.
• 3. Get the exposure theodolite and its traversing techniques.
• 4. Understand the procedures for evaluation of areas, volumes of open pit, dumps and reservoirs.
• 5. Know the knowledge of correlation and modern techniques of survey.

UNIT - I

Introduction: overview of Plane Surveying (Chain, compass, and plane table-in brief): Objectives, Principles and classifications; electronic distance measurements; Types of compasses, different types of meridians and bearings, local attraction and closed traversing with compass; computation of angles from bearings; declination. Global Positioning System: Introduction to Global Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing – basic Principles, Integration of RS, GIS and Laser scanning. Total Station: Description, uses, types of surveys by total station, mapping of sites by total station surveys – elementary exercises only.

UNIT - II

Levelling: Different types leveling instruments and description of parts; Temporary and Permanent adjustments; methods of levelling – fly levelling, differential levelling, and reciprocal levelling. Problems on leveling. Permissible error and distribution of error. RL calculation. Contouring: Characteristics and uses of contour; contour interval; methods of establishing contours.

UNIT - III

Theodolite – description of parts; Temporary and Permanent Adjustments, Measurement of horizontal and vertical angles, Trigonometric levelling. Traversing with Theodolite: Principles of traversing, open traverse and closed traverse using theodolite; Latitude and Departure : consecutive co-ordinates/ dependent co-ordinates and independent co-ordinates/ total coordinates; closing error and correction in closed traversing by different methods- Bowditch method, transit method. Triangulation: Principles and methods of triangulation: classification of triangulation system, signals and towers; base line measurement; calculations of length of base- tape corrections.

UNIT - IV

Computation of Areas and Volumes: Areas from field notes, computation of Areas along irregular boundaries and regular boundaries. Embankments and cuttings, determination of capacity of reservoir/volume. Tacheometric Surveying: – Principles, Stadia and tangential methods, measurements of heights and distances by tacheometry, distance and elevation formulae for staff vertical and normal; anallactic lens. Curves: Definitions and types of curves; simple curves by linear and angular method (Rankine’s method); setting of underground curve.

UNIT - V

Correlation Survey: classification and purposes of correlation survey; different methods- single shaft (co-plantation method, weissbach triangle method) and two shaft (Weiss quadrilateral method) Miscellaneous: EDM and modern instruments, open pit surveys, mine plans and sections, Statutory requirements.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Surveying (Vol-1, 2 & 3) by B.C. Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain and Arun Kumar Jain- Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
• 2. “Surveying (Vol-1 &2), DUGGAL S K Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2004
• 3. Text book of surveying by C. Venkataramaiah , Universities Press.
• 4. Surveying (Vol 1 & 2) – Kanitkar
• 5. Mine Surveying (Vol 1 & 2) by Ghatak, Lovely Prakasan publishers, Dhanbad.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Elements of Plane Surveying, Arthur R. Benton and Philip J Taetly, McGraw Hill-2000
• 2. Surveying Vol 1 & 2 & 3, Arora K R Standard Book House, Delhi, 2004.
• 3. Plane Surveying, Chandra A M, New age International Pvt. Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi, 2002.
• 4. Higher Surveying, Chandra A M, New age International Pvt. Ltd, Publishers, New Delhi, 2002.
• 5. Surveying and Levelling by R Subramanian, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.