JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Pre-requisites

10 + 2 Physics

Course Objectives

The objectives of this course for the student are to:

• 1. Understand the basic principles of quantum physics and band theory of solids.
• 2. Understand the underlying mechanism involved in construction and working principles of various semiconductor devices.
• 3. Study the fundamental concepts related to the dielectric, magnetic and energy materials.
• 4. Identify the importance of nanoscale, quantum confinement and various fabrications techniques.
• 5. Study the characteristics of lasers and optical fibres.

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

• 1. Understand physical world from fundamental point of view by the concepts of Quantum mechanics and visualize the difference between conductor, semiconductor, and an insulator by classification of solids.
• 2. Identify the role of semiconductor devices in science and engineering Applications.
• 3. Explore the fundamental properties of dielectric, magnetic materials and energy for their applications.
• 4. Appreciate the features and applications of Nanomaterials.
• 5. Understand various aspects of Lasers and Optical fiber and their applications in diverse fields.

UNIT - I: QUANTUM PHYSICS AND SOLIDS

Quantum Mechanics: Introduction to quantum physics, blackbody radiation – Stefan-Boltzmann’s law, Wein’s and Rayleigh-Jean’s law, Planck’s radiation law - photoelectric effect - Davisson and Germer experiment –Heisenberg uncertainty principle - Born interpretation of the wave function – time independent Schrodinger wave equation - particle in one dimensional potential box. Solids: Symmetry in solids, free electron theory (Drude & Lorentz, Sommerfeld) - Fermi-Dirac distribution - Bloch’s theorem -Kronig-Penney model – E-K diagram- effective mass of electron-origin of energy bands- classification of solids.

UNIT - II: SEMICONDUCTORS AND DEVICES

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors – Hall effect - direct and indirect band gap semiconductors - construction, principle of operation and characteristics of P-N Junction diode, Zener diode and bipolar junction transistor (BJT)–LED, PIN diode, avalanche photo diode (APD) and solar cells, their structure, materials, working principle and characteristics.

UNIT - III: DIELECTRIC, MAGNETIC AND ENERGY MATERIALS

Dielectric Materials: Basic definitions- types of polarizations (qualitative) - ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric materials – applications – liquid crystal displays (LCD) and crystal oscillators. Magnetic Materials: Hysteresis - soft and hard magnetic materials - magnetostriction, magnetoresistance - applications - bubble memory devices, magnetic field sensors and multiferroics. Energy Materials: Conductivity of liquid and solid electrolytes- superionic conductors - materials and electrolytes for super capacitors - rechargeable ion batteries, solid fuel cells.

UNIT - IV: NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanoscale, quantum confinement, surface to volume ratio, bottom-up fabrication: sol-gel, precipitation, combustion methods – top-down fabrication: ball milling - physical vapor deposition (PVD) - chemical vapor deposition (CVD) - characterization techniques - XRD, SEM &TEM - applications of nanomaterials.

UNIT - V: LASER AND FIBER OPTICS

Lasers: Laser beam characteristics-three quantum processes-Einstein coefficients and their relations- lasing action - pumping methods- ruby laser, He-Ne laser , CO2 laser, Argon ion Laser, Nd:YAG laser- semiconductor laser-applications of laser. Fiber Optics: Introduction to optical fiber- advantages of optical Fibers - total internal reflection- construction of optical fiber - acceptance angle - numerical aperture- classification of optical fibers- losses in optical fiber - optical fiber for communication system - applications.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. M. N. Avadhanulu, P.G. Kshirsagar & TVS Arun Murthy” A Text book of Engineering Physics”- S. Chand Publications, 11th Edition 2019.
• 2. Engineering Physics by Shatendra Sharma and Jyotsna Sharma, Pearson Publication,2019
• 3. Semiconductor Physics and Devices- Basic Principle – Donald A, Neamen, Mc Graw Hill, 4thEdition,2021.
• 4. B.K. Pandey and S. Chaturvedi, Engineering Physics, Cengage Learning, 2ndEdition,2022.
• 5. Essentials of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology by Narasimha Reddy Katta, Typical Creatives NANO DIGEST, 1st Edition, 2021.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Quantum Physics, H.C. Verma, TBS Publication, 2nd Edition 2012.
• 2. Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday, Resnick and Walker, John Wiley &Sons,11th Edition, 2018.
• 3. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, Wiley Eastern, 2019.
• 4. Elementary Solid State Physics, S.L. Gupta and V. Kumar, Pragathi Prakashan, 2019.
• 5. A.K. Bhandhopadhya - Nano Materials, New Age International, 1stEdition, 2007.
• 6. Energy Materials a Short Introduction to Functional Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group
• 7. Energy Materials, Taylor & Francis Group, 1st Edition, 2022.