JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Prerequisites

Electrical Circuit Analysis-1 & Electrical Circuit Analysis-2

Electrical Machines-I & Electrical Machines-II

Course Objectives:

• To understand the power generation through conventional and non-conventional sources.
• To illustrate the economic aspects of power generation and tariff methods.
• To know about overhead line insulators, substations and AC & DC distribution systems.

Course Outcomes

After learning the contents of this paper the student must be able to

• Understand the operation of conventional and renewable electrical power generating stations.
• Evaluate the power tariff methods and Economics associated with power generation.
• Analyze the operations of AIS & GIS, Insulators and Distribution systems.

Course Objectives Program Outcomes

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 To understand the 3 3 3 1 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 2 power generation through conventional and non-conventional sources To illustrate the 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 economic aspects of power generation and tariff methods To know about 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 overhead line insulators, substations and AC & DC distribution systems

Course Outcomes Program Outcomes

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 Understand the 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 operation of conventional and renewable electrical power generating stations Evaluate the power 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 3 2 1 2 1 tariff methods and Economics associated with power generation Analyse the 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 operations of AIS & GIS, Insulators and Distribution systems

UNIT - I

GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER: Conventional Sources (Qualitative): Hydro station, Steam Power Plant, Nuclear Power Plant and Gas Turbine Plant. Non-Conventional Sources (Elementary Treatment): Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Fuel Cells, Ocean Energy, Tidal Energy, Wave Energy, Cogeneration, Energy conservation and storage.

UNIT - II

ECONOMICS OF POWER GENERATION: Introduction, definitions of connected load, maximum demand, demand factor, load factor, diversity factor, Load duration curve, number and size of generator units. Base load and peak load plants. Cost of electrical energy-fixed cost, running cost, Tariff on charge to customer.

UNIT - III

OVER HEAD TRANSMISSION LINES: Line conductors, inductance and capacitance of single phase and three phase lines with symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing, Composite conductors- transposition, bundled conductors, and effect of earth on capacitance, skin and proximity effects. OVERHEAD LINE INSULATORS: Introduction, types of insulators, Potential distribution over a string of suspension insulators, Methods of equalizing the potential, testing of insulators, Sag and tension calculations.

UNIT - IV

SUBSTATIONS: AIR INSULATED SUBSTATIONS (AIS): Indoor & Outdoor substations: Substations layout showing the location of all the substation equipment. Bus bar arrangements in the Sub-Stations: Simple arrangements like single bus bar, sectionalized single bus bar, main and transfer bus bar system with relevant diagrams. GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS (GIS): Advantages of Gas insulated substations, different types of gas insulated substations, single line diagram of gas insulated substations, bus bar, construction aspects of GIS, Installation and maintenance of GIS, Comparison of Air insulated substations and Gas insulated substations.

UNIT - V

DC DISTRIBUTION: Classification of Distribution Systems. - Comparison of DC vs. AC and Under- Ground vs. Over- Head Distribution Systems. - Requirements and Design features of Distribution Systems. -Voltage Drop Calculations (Numerical Problems) in D.C Distributors for the following cases: Radial D.C Distributor fed one end and at the both the ends (equal/unequal Voltages) and Ring Main Distributor. A.C. DISTRIBUTION: Introduction, AC distribution, Single phase, 3-phase, 3 phase 4 wire system, bus bar arrangement, Selection of site for substation. Voltage Drop Calculations (Numerical Problems) in A.C. Distributors for the following cases: Power Factors referred to receiving end voltage and with respect to respective load voltages.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. C.L. Wadhwa, “ Generation, Distribution and Utilization of Electrical Energy”, 2 n d Edition, New Age International, 2009.
• 2. V.K Mehta and Rohit Mehta, “Principles of Power Systems”, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. A. Chakrabarti, M.L. Soni, P.V. Gupta, U.S. Bhatnagar, “A Text book on Power System Engineering”, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company (P) Ltd, 2008.
• 2. C.L. Wadhwa, “Electrical Power Systems”, 5th Edition, New Age International, 2009.
• 3. M.V. Deshpande, “Elements of Electrical Power Station Design”, 3rd Edition, Wheeler Pub. 1998.
• 4. H.Cotton & H. Barber, “The Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy”, 3rd Edition, 1970.
• 5. W.D.Stevenson, “Elements of Power System Analysis”, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 1984.