JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Prerequisites

Power Systems –I & Electro Magnetic Fields

Course Objectives:

• To study the performance of transmission lines and travelling waves.
• To understand the concept of voltage control, compensation methods and per unit representation of power systems.
• To know the methods of overvoltage protection, Insulation coordination, Symmetrical components and fault calculation analysis.

Course Outcomes

After learning the contents of this paper the student must be able to

• Analyze transmission line performance and Apply load compensation techniques to control reactive power.
• Understand the application of per unit quantities in power systems.
• Design over voltage protection, insulation coordination and determine the fault currents for symmetrical and unbalanced faults.

Course Objectives Program Outcomes

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 To study the 3 3 3 1 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 2 performance of transmission lines and travelling waves To understand the 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 concept of voltage control, compensation methods and per unit representation of power systems. To know the methods 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 of overvoltage protection, Insulation coordination, Symmetrical components and fault calculation analysis.

Course Outcomes Program Outcomes

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 Analyse transmission 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 2 line performance and Apply load compensation techniques to control reactive power. Understand the 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 2 application of per unit quantities in power systems Design over voltage 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 protection, insulation coordination and determine the fault currents for symmetrical and unbalanced faults

UNIT - I

PERFORMANCE OF LINES: Representation of lines, short transmission lines, medium length lines, nominal T and PI- representations, long transmission lines. The equivalent circuit representation of a

long Line, A, B, C, D constants, Ferranti Effect. Corona: Introduction, disruptive critical voltage, corona loss, Factors affecting corona loss and methods of reducing corona loss, Disadvantages of corona, interference between power and Communication lines.

UNIT - II

VOLTAGE CONTROL & POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT: Introduction – methods of voltage control, shunt and series capacitors / Inductors, tap changing transformers, synchronous phase modifiers, power factor improvement methods. COMPENSATION IN POWER SYSTEMS: Introduction - Concepts of Load compensation – Load ability characteristics of overhead lines – Uncompensated transmission line – Symmetrical line – Radial line with asynchronous load – Compensation of lines.

UNIT - III

PER UNIT REPRESENTATION OF POWER SYSTEMS: The one-line diagram, impedance and reactance diagrams, per unit quantities, changing the base of per unit quantities, advantages of per unit system. TRAVELLING WAVES ON TRANSMISSION LINES: Production of travelling waves, open circuited line, short-circuited line, line terminated through a resistance, line connected to a cable, reflection and refraction at T-junction line terminated through a capacitance, capacitor connection at a T-junction, Attenuation of travelling waves.

UNIT - IV

OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION AND INSULATION COORDINATION: Over voltage due to arcing ground and Peterson coil, lightning, horn gaps, surge diverters, rod gaps, expulsion type lightning arrester, valve type lightning arrester, ground wires, ground rods, counter poise, surge absorbers, insulation coordination, volt-time curves.

UNIT - V

SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS AND FAULT CALCULATIONS: Significance of positive, negative and zero sequence components, Average 3-phase power in terms of symmetrical components, sequence impedances and sequence networks, fault calculations, sequence network equations, single line to ground fault, line to line fault, double line to ground fault, three phase fault, faults on power systems, faults with fault impedance, reactors and their location, short circuit capacity of a bus.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. C.L. Wadhwa, “Electrical Power Systems”, New Age International Pub. Co, Third Edition, 2001.
• 2. D.P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath, “Modern Power System Analysis”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co., New Delhi, Fourth edition, 2011.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. A. Chakrabarti, M.L. Soni, P.V. Gupta, U.S. Bhatnagar, “A Text book on Power System Engineering”, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company (P) Ltd, 2008.
• 2. John J. Grainger & W.D. Stevenson, “Power System Analysis”, Mc Graw Hill International,1994.
• 3. Hadi Scadat, “Power System Analysis”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co. 2002.
• 4. W.D. Stevenson, “Elements of Power system Analysis”, McGraw Hill International Student Edition.