JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

• 1. To learn about the basic aspects of Knitting
• 2. To understand about the structures of warp and weft knitting
• 3. To learn the dynamics of knitting
• 4. To study the manufacturing of nonwoven
• 5. To learn the applications of nonwoven

Course Outcomes (Graduate to have):

• 1. An ability to apply the knowledge of engineering concept of Knit production.
• 2. An ability to examine the role of process parameters of’ knitting.
• 1. An ability to design a typical nonwoven production process to suit the needs of Industrial or apparel application
• 2. An ability to understand the fiber selection and bonding methods
• 6. An ability to understand nonwoven finishing methods.
• 3. An ability to apply the basic knowledge of Nonwoven production for processing a specific fibre

UNIT - I

Introduction to knitting: Comparison with Weaving for Technology, Production and Properties. A brief note on: Knit industry in India and Reasons for Popularity of Knitting. Basic terms in Knitting Technology, Relation between gauze and count of yarn. Elements of Knitting Machine, Specification and types. Various zones in Knitting machine and their significance, Passage of material through knitting machine. Function of each element, Methods of representation of Knit structure – Method of loop formation by Latch, Beard and Compound needle. Different types of Creeling arrangements ( Wall & Over head ),

UNIT - II

Classification of Weft Knitting structures (Plain or single jersey, Rib, Interlock and Purl) loop and needle diagrams to illustrate basic structures. Types and selection of Tension devices and Positive Feeders and their role in Knitting, Stop motions in Knitting machines. Patterning in weft knitting: Scope and need -Arrangements in cam for Knit, Miss and Stitch – combination of any two to produce structures: Representation of 2 or more colour jacquard design (including needle layout, knitting sequence, and needle diagram) Introduction to Knitting dynamics: A brief note on forces acting on the needle, linear and nonlinear cams, needle breakages, spirality angle, Geometry of Weft Knits,

UNIT - III

Warp Knitting: Introduction- Warp and weft knitting compared, Elements of Warp knitting machine and structure, Representation of common Warp knit structures, Loop formation by Beard, Latch and Compound Needles in Tricot and Raschel knitting machines. Basic Lapping movements in Warp knitting, methods to represent Lapping diagrams, Runner's ratio, estimation of runner's ratio, Fall plate patterning, full width insertion, Nonwoven Technology: Introduction, fibres arrangement, Classification of nonwoven-selection of raw material potential of Nanofibres for NWF, physical and chemical properties Production of Dry Web: Fiber selection, fiber preparation, web formation- web removal system, carding, garneting, online basis weight measurement, Arrangement of cards, cross and vertical lapper

UNIT - IV

Air Laid Web: Principle of web formation, feeding systems, Rando – Webber, DOA, Fehrer system, Chicopee system, Laroche system, Spinnabau , developments in Air laying Air Laid web , developments

in Air laying – integrated forming and bonding, star former, combined air lay and hydroentangled, roller draft air laying, Air flow and fiber dynamics in air laying, parameters controlling the quality , physical properties of webs Wet Laid Web : Introduction to Wet laying ,raw material selection, fiber preparation, web forming concept, bonding systems- hydrogen bonding, latex bonding, thermal bonding, hydro entanglement , parameters of Wet laying , application Polymer Laid Web : Introduction , resins for polymer laying, Spunbond fabric production, various system , bonding methods, and parameters controlling the quality , applications, Meltblown technology, properties and applications

UNIT - V

Mechanical Bonding - Needle Punching: Introduction, batt formation, drafting, passage of material, needle design, types and selection, parameters of needling, methods of needle punch technology, applications Hydroentanglement Technology: Introduction, principles, fibre selection, process layout, process technology – Pre wetting- support surface- injectors arrangements- jet stripes and nozzles- dewatering- drying- , Multilayer hydroentangled nonwovens ,applications. Thermal and Chemical Bonding: Introduction, Principles, raw materials, calender bonding, process parameters, through –air and impingement bonding, thermal radiation / IR and Ultrasonic bonding, structure of thermal bonded fabric, applications. - Various methods of chemical bonding- Finishing of nonwoven- 3D Nonwoven

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Handbook of Nonwovens- S.J. Russell, CRC Publications, 2010
• 2. Wellintons Handbook of Industrial Textiles – S. Adanur, CRC Publications, 2011

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. The Nonwovens- Giovanni Tanchis, ITALIA Publications, Italy, 2009.
• 2. Nonwoven Fabrics- Wilhelm Albrecht, Hilmar Fuchs & Wlater Kittelemann, Wiley- Vch Publications, Germany, 2012