JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

UNIT - I

An Overview of Paper Making Process: Paper making process- Raw materials, Pulp separation, Screening, Bleaching, Cooking, Chemical reaction, Chippers, Types of digesters, H factor and Kappa factors, Stock preparation, Instrumentation needs, Energy conservation and paper quality control.

UNIT - II

Paper Properties and its Measurement: Physical, electrical, optical and chemical properties of paper, Basic weight, Thickness, Density, Porosity, Smoothness, Softness, Hardness and compressibility, Stress-strain Relationship, Tensile strength, Bursting strength, Tearing resistance, Folding endurance, Stiffness and impact strength, Dielectric constant, Dielectric strength, Dielectric loss and Properties of electrical insulating paper, Brightness, Color, Gloss and capacity, Starch constant acidity and pH - Measurement techniques.

UNIT - III

Consistency Measurement: Definition of consistency, Techniques for head box consistency measurement, Stock consistency measurement and control. Paper Making Machine: Functioning of Paper making machine- Quality parameters, Moisture, Basic weight, Caliper, Brightness, Color, Ash content, Strength, Gloss and tensile strength, Parameters monitoring Instrumentation.

UNIT - IV

Wet End Instrumentation: Conventional measurements at wet end- Pressure, Vacuum, Temperature, Liquid density, Specific gravity, Level–flow consistency measurement - pH - ORP measurement, Freeness measurement. Dry End Instrumentation Conventional measurements: Moisture, Basis weight, Caliper, coat thickness, Optical variables, Measurement of length, Speed, Digester, Rotary, Batch type.

UNIT - V

Pumps and Control Valves: Flow box, Wet end variables, Evaporator feedback, Feed forward control, Lime mud density control, Stock proportioning system, Refiner control instrumentation, Basic pulper instrumentation, Head box, Rush/drag control, Instrumentation for size preparation, Coating preparation, Coating weight control, Batch digester, K/Kappa number control, Bleach plant chlorine stage control. Control Aspects: Machine and cross direction control technique, Consistency, Moisture and basic weight control, Dryer control, Computer based control systems, Mill wide control.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Sankaranarayanan, P.E., “Pulp and Paper Industries Technology and Instrumentation”, Kotharis Desk book series, 1995.
• 2. Britt K. W. Van Nostrand, “Handbook of Pulp and Paper technology”, Reinbold Company, 1970.
• 3. James P. Casey,” Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical Technology”, John Wiley and Sons, 1981.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Austin G.T., Shrencs,” Chemical Process Industries”, McGraw Hill International Student Edition, Singapore, 1985.
• 2. John R Lavigne, “An Introduction to Paper Industry Instrumentation”, Miller Freeman Publications, California, 1985 Series.
• 3. Robert J. McGill, “Measurement and Control in Paper Making”, Adam Hilger Limited, Bristol, 1980.
• 4. John R. Lavigne, “Instrumentation Applications for the Pulp and Paper Industry”, Miller Freeman Publications, California, 1990.
• 5. Liptak, B. G., “Instrument Engineers Handbook”, Volume 2, Process Control, Third Edition, CRC press, London, 1995. M. TECH. I YEAR II SEMESTER ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION