JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

UNIT - I

Bioelectric Signals and Electrodes: Sources of biomedical signals, basic medical instrumentation system, PC based medical instruments, General constraints in design of medical instrumentation systems, origin of bioelectric signals, Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyogram (EMG), Electrooculogram (EOG), Electroretinogram (ERG), Recording Electrodes – Electrode-tissue interface, polarization, skin contact impedance, motion artifacts, Silver-Silver Chloride electrodes, Electrodes for ECG, Electrodes for EEG, Electrodes of EMG, Electrical conductivity of electrode jellies and creams, microelectrodes.

UNIT - II

Biomedical Recording Systems & Recorders: Electrocardiograph-block diagram, ECG leads, effects of artifacts, multi-channel, ECG machine, Vectorcardiograph, Phonocardiograph-origin of heart sounds, microphones and amplifiers for PCG, Electroencephalograph- block diagram, computerized analysis of EEG, Electromyograph, biofeedback instrumentation.

UNIT - III

Oximeters, Blood Flow & Cardiac Output Measurement: Oximetry- In-vitro & in-vivo, ear oximetry, pulse oximetry, skin reflectance oximeters, intravascular oximeter. Electromagnetic blood flowmeter- principle, square wave electromagnetic flowmeter, Doppler shift ultrasonic flowmeter, flow measurement by Doppler imaging, NMR & Laser Doppler flowmeter, Cardiac output measurement- Indicator & dye dilution technique, impedance method, ultrasound method.

UNIT - IV

Pacemakers & Defibrillator: Need for cardiac pacemaker, external pacemaker, implantable pacemakers-types, ventricular synchronous demand pacemaker, programmable pacemaker, power sources for implantable pacemakers. Need for defibrillator, DC defibrillator, automatic external defibrillator, implantable defibrillators

UNIT - V

Advanced Diagnostic & Therapeutic Instruments: Principle of surgical diathermy & surgical diathermy machine, Electrodiagnosis-Electrotherapy-functional block diagram and working, interferential current therapy. Artificial kidney-Principle and haemodialysis machine. Anesthesia-Need for anesthesia, delivery of anesthesia, anesthesia machine.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. R.S. Khandpur, “ Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003 th
• 2. John G. Webster, “Medical Instrumentation Application and Design”, Willey, 4 edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Joseph J. Carr and John M. Brown, “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology” 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001.
• 2. L. A. Geddes, L. E.Baker, “Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation”, 3rd Edition. Willey, 2008
• 3. Tatsuo Togawa, Toshiyo Tamura and P. Ake Oberg, “Biomedical Transducers and st Instruments” 1 Edition, CRC Press, 1997.