JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Prerequisite

Power Systems - II

Course Objectives:

• To identify the necessity of reactive power compensation
• To describe load compensation
• To select various types of reactive power compensation in transmission systems
• To contrast reactive power coordination system
• To characterize distribution side and utility side reactive power management.

Course Outcomes

Upon the completion of the subject, the student will be able to

• Distinguish the importance of load compensation in symmetrical as well as un symmetrical loads
• Observe various compensation methods in transmission lines
• Construct model for reactive power coordination
• Distinguish demand side reactive power management & user side reactive power management

UNIT - I

Load Compensation: Objectives and specifications – reactive power characteristics – inductive and capacitive approximate biasing – Load compensator as a voltage regulator – phase balancing and power factor correction of unsymmetrical loads- examples.

UNIT - II

Steady – State Reactive Power Compensation in Transmission System: Uncompensated line – types of compensation – Passive shunt and series and dynamic shunt compensation –examples Transient state reactive power compensation in transmission systems: Characteristic time periods – passive shunt compensation – static compensations- series capacitor compensation – compensation using synchronous condensers – examples

UNIT - III

Reactive Power Coordination: Objective – Mathematical modeling – Operation planning – transmission benefits – Basic concepts of quality of power supply – disturbances- steady –state variations – effects of under voltages – frequency –Harmonics, radio frequency and electromagnetic interferences

UNIT - IV

Demand Side Management: Load patterns – basic methods load shaping – power tariffs- KVAR based tariffs penalties for voltage flickers and Harmonic voltage levels Distribution side Reactive power Management:: System losses –loss reduction methods – examples – Reactive power planning – objectives – Economics Planning capacitor placement – retrofitting of capacitor banks

UNIT - V

User Side Reactive Power Management: KVAR requirements for domestic appliances – Purpose of using capacitors – selection of capacitors – deciding factors – types of available capacitor, characteristics and Limitations Reactive power management in electric traction systems and are furnaces: Typical layout of traction systems – reactive power control requirements – distribution transformers- Electric arc furnaces – basic operations- furnaces transformer –filter requirements – remedial measures –power factor of an arc furnace

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Reactive power control in Electric power systems by T. J. E. Miller, John Wiley and sons, 1982.
• 2. Reactive power Management by D. M. Tagare, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.

REFERENCES:

• 1. Wolfgang Hofmann, Jurgen Schlabbach, Wolfgang Just “Reactive Power Compensation: A Practical Guide, April, 2012, Wiely publication. M. TECH – I YEAR – II SEM. (EPE/EPS /PSC&A)