JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

UNIT - I

General Concepts: Fundamental elements of a measuring instrument. Static and dynamic characteristics – errors in instruments – Different methods of measurement and their analysis – Sensing elements and transducers. Measurement of pressure – principles of pressure measurement, static and dynamic pressure, vacuum and high pressure measuring – Measurement of low pressure, Manometers, Calibration methods, Dynamic characteristics- design principles.

UNIT - II

Measurement of Flow: Obstruction meters, variable area meters. Pressure probes, compressible fluid flow measurement, Thermal anemometers, calibration of flow measuring instruments. Introduction to design of flow measuring instruments.

UNIT - III

Temperature Measurement: Different principles of Temperature Measurement, use of bimetallic thermometers – Mercury thermometers, Vapor Pressure thermometers, Thermo positive elements, thermocouples in series & parallel, pyrometry, measurement of heat flux, calibration of temperature measuring instruments. Design of temperature measuring instruments.

UNIT - IV

Level Measurement: Direct & indirect methods, manometric methods, float level meters, electrical conductivity, Capacitive, Ultrasonic, and Nucleonic Methods. Measurement of density – Hydrometer, continuous weight method, Gamma rays, Gas impulse wheel. Velocity Measurement – Coefficient of viscosity, Ostesld method, free fall of piston under gravity, torque method. Measurement of moisture content and humidity. Measurement of thermal conductivity of solids, liquids and gases.

UNIT - V

Process Control: Introduction and need for process control principles, transfer functions, block diagrams, signal flow graphs, open and closed loop control systems – Analysis of First & Second order systems with examples of mechanical and thermal systems. Control System Evaluation – Stability, steady state regulations, transient regulations.

REFERENCES:

• 1. Mechanical Measurements – Beckwith, Leinhard & Marangoni - Pearson
• 2. Measurement System, Application & Design – E. O. Doeblin.
• 3. Mechanical and Industrial Measurements – R.K. Jain – Khanna Publishers.
• 4. Mechanical Measurements – Buck & Beckwith – Pearson.
• 5. Control Systems, Principles & Design, 2nd Edition – M. Gopal – TMH.
• 6. Principles of Measurement Systems – John Bentley - Pearson