JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Prerequisites

Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machinery

Course Objectives

The course is intended to

• Establish an understanding of the fundamental concepts of fluid mechanics.
• Understand and apply the potential flow equations to basic flows.
• Understand and apply the differential equations of fluid mechanics including the ability to apply and understand the impact of assumptions made in the analysis.
• Understand the boundary layer concepts with respect to fluid flow.
• Understand and apply the compressible flow equations.

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

• Understanding the concept of fluid and the models of fluids.
• Understanding the basic physical meaning of general equations.
• Understanding the concept of stream function and potential function.
• Ability to derive the equation for viscous flow, including laminar flow and turbulent flow.
• Ability to address such problems in engineering, and to solve the problems

UNIT - I

Inviscid Flow of Incompressible Fluids: Lagrangian and Eulerain Descriptions of fluid motion- Path lines, Stream lines, Streak lines, stream tubes – velocity of a fluid particle, types of flows, Equations of three- dimensional continuity equation- Stream and Velocity potential functions. Basic Laws of fluid Flow: Condition for irrotationality, circulation & vorticity Accelerations in Carte systems normal and tangential accelerations, Euler’s, Bernoulli equations in 3D– Continuity and Momentum Equations

UNIT - II

Viscous Flow: Derivation of Navier-Stoke’s Equations for viscous compressible flow – Exact solutions to certain simple cases: Plain Poiseuille flow - Coutte flow with and without pressure gradient - Hagen Poiseuille flow - Approximate solutions – Creeping motion (Stokes) – Oseen’s approximation.

UNIT - III

Boundary Layer Theory: Prandtl’s contribution to real fluid flows – Prandtl’s boundary layer theory - Boundary layer thickness for flow over a flat plate – Von-Karman momentum integral equation - Blasius solution- Laminar boundary layer – Turbulent Boundary Layer –– Expressions for local and mean drag coefficients for different velocity profiles. – Total Drag due to Laminar & Turbulent Layers – Problems.

UNIT - IV

Introduction to Turbulent Flow: Fundamental concept of turbulence – Time Averaged Equations – Boundary Layer Equations - Prandtl Mixing Length Model - Universal Velocity Distribution Law: Van Driest Model –Approximate solutions for drag coefficients – More Refined Turbulence Models – k-epsilon model - boundary layer separation and form drag – Karman Vortex Trail, Boundary layer control, lift on circular cylinders Internal Flow: Smooth and rough boundaries – Equations for Velocity Distribution and frictional Resistance in smooth rough Pipes – Roughness of Commercial Pipes – Moody’s diagram.

UNIT - V

Compressible Fluid Flow – I: Thermodynamic basics – Equations of continuity, Momentum and Energy - Acoustic Velocity Derivation of Equation for Mach Number – Flow Regimes – Mach Angle – Mach Cone – Stagnation State Compressible Fluid Flow – II: Area Variation, Property Relationships in terms of Mach number, Nozzles, Diffusers – Fanno and Releigh Lines, Property Relations – Isothermal Flow in Long Ducts – Normal Compressible Shock, Oblique Shock: Expansion and Compressible Shocks – Supersonic Wave Drag.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines by S K Som and G Biswas, TMH
• 2. Fluid Mechanics by Joseph H Spurk and Nuri Aksel, Springer
• 3. Compressible Fluid Dynamics by B K Hodge and Keith Koenig, Pearson
• 4. Fluid Mechanics by Potter, Cengage Learning.
• 5. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by Dr. R.K. Bansal.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Fluid Mechanics by Jog, Cambridge
• 2. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery by Khan, Oxford
• 3. Fluid Mechanics by Cohen and Kundu, Elsevier, 5th edition
• 4. Fluid Mechanics by William S Janna, CRC Press
• 5. Dynamics & Theory and Dynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow by Shapiro.
• 6. Fluid Dynamics by William F. Hughes & John A. Brighton, TMH M.Tech, I Year, I Sem