JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

UNIT - I

Overview of Climate Variability and the Science of Climate Dynamics, Basics of Global Climate:Components and phenomena in the climate system, Basics of radiative forcing, Globally averaged energy budget—first glance, Gradients of radiative forcing and energy transports by atmosphere and ocean, Atmospheric circulation, Ocean circulation, Land surface processes, Carbon cycle

UNIT - II

Physical Processes in the Climate System: Conservation of momentum, Equation of state, Temperature equation, Continuity equation, Moisture equation and salinity equation, Moist processes, Wave processes in the atmosphere and ocean, El Niño and Year-to-Year Climate Prediction

UNIT - III

Climate Models: Constructing a Climate Model,Numerical representation of atmospheric and oceanic equations, Parameterization of small-scale processes, The hierarchy of climate models, Climate simulations and climate drift, Evaluation of climate model simulations for present day climate.

UNIT - IV

The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Feedbacks:The greenhouse effect in Earth’s current climate, Global warming I: example in the global-average energy balance model, Climate feedbacks, The water vapor feedback, Snow/ice feedback, Cloud feedbacks, Other feedbacks in the physical climate system, Climate response time in transient climate change.

UNIT - V

Climate Model Scenarios for Global Warming: Greenhouse gases, aerosols and other climate forcings, Global-average response to greenhouse warming scenarios, Spatial patterns of warming for time-dependent scenarios, Climate response time in transient climate change, Ice, sea level, extreme events, Summary: the best-estimate prognosis,Climate change observed to date,Emissions paths and their impacts, The road ahead

TEXT BOOKS/REFERENCES:

• 1. Lutgens, Frederick K. Tarbuck, Edward J. (2010), The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, PHI Publications
• 2. C. Donald Athens, (2011), Essentials of Meteorology, Thompson Brooks/ Cole, CENGAGE Learning
• 3. Andrew Gettelman, Richard B. Rood (2016), Demystifying Climate Models – A Users’ Guide to Earth System Models, Springer Open M. Tech – I Year – IISem. (Env. Engg.)