JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Prerequisites

Basics concepts of solar, wind, hydro, biomass, fuel cells and geothermal systems.

Course Objectives

The course is intended to

• 1. To provide an introduction to energy systems and renewable energy resources, with a scientific examination of the energy field and an emphasis on alternate energy sources and their technology and application.
• 2. To explore society’s present needs and future energy demands, examine conventional energy sources and systems, including fossil fuels and nuclear energy.
• 3. To focus on alternate, renewable energy sources such as solar, biomass (conversions), wind power, geothermal, and hydro, Energy conservation methods.

Course Outcomes

At the successful completion of course, the student is expected to have/be able to:

• 1. Explain the main sources of energy including Solar energy and their primary applications in Global Context.
• 2. Describe the challenges and problems associated with the use of solar energy sources and its Economic Evaluation
• 3. Discuss significance of Wind energy systems and its components with basic working principles.
• 4. Elaborate the sources of energy from waste by various means such as OTEC, Tidal energy etc.
• 5. Narrate the importance and potential of geo thermal energy and MHD power generation

UNIT - I

Introduction: Overview of the course. Classification of energy resources, energy scenario in the world and India. Basic sun-earth relationships: Definitions. Celestial sphere, altitude-azimuth, declination-hour angle and declination-right ascension coordinate systems for finding the position of the sun, celestial triangle and coordinates of the sun. Greenwich Mean Time, Indian Standard Time, Local Solar Time, sun rise and sun set times & day length. Numerical problems Solar radiation: Nature of solar radiation, solar radiation spectrum, solar constant, extra-terrestrial radiation on a horizontal surface, attenuation of solar radiation, beam, diffuse and global radiation. Measurement of global, diffuse and beam radiation. Prediction of solar radiation; Angstrom model, Page model, Hottel’s model, Liu and Jordan model etc. Insolation on an inclined surface, angle of incidence, Illustrative problems

UNIT - II

Solar thermal systems: Principle of working of solar water heating systems, solar cookers, solar desalination systems, solar ponds, solar chimney power plant. Solar concentrating collectors: Classification of solar concentrators, Basic definitions such as concentration ratio, angle of acceptance etc., Tracking of the sun; description of different tracking modes of a solar collectors and the determination of angle of incidence of insolation in different tracking modes. Illustrative problems Photovoltaic energy conversion: Introduction. Single crystal silicon solar cell, i-v characteristics, effect of insolation and temperature on the performance of silicon cells. Different types of solar cells. Modern technological methods of producing these cells. Indian and world photovoltaic energy scenario.

UNIT - III

Energy storage: Necessity for energy storage. Classification of methods of energy storage. Thermal energy storage; sensible heat storage, latent heat storage. Reversible chemical reaction storage.

Electromagnetic energy storage. Hydrogen energy storage. Chemical battery storage. Pumped hydel energy storage etc. Wind energy: Origin of winds, nature of winds, wind data measurement, wind turbine types and their construction, wind-diesel hybrid system, environmental aspects, wind energy programme in India and the world.

UNIT - IV

Ocean energy: Ocean thermal energy; open cycle & closed cycle OTEC plants, environmental impacts, challenges, present status of OTEC systems. Ocean tidal energy; single basin and double basin plants, their relative merits. Ocean wave energy; basics of ocean waves, different wave energy conversion devices, relative merits. Fuel cells: Introduction, applications, classification, different types of fuel cells such as phosphoric acid fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, PEM fuel cell, MC fuel cell. Development and performance fuel cells.

UNIT - V

Biomass: Introduction, photosynthesis, biofuels, biomass resources, biomass conversion technologies, urban waste to energy conversion, biomass to ethanol conversion, biomass energy scenario in India. Biogas: Biogas production, constant pressure and constant volume biogas plants, operational parameters of the biogas plant. Geothermal energy: Origin, applications, types of geothermal resources, relative merits.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Non-conventional Energy Resources by B. H. Khan, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012.
• 2. Energy Technology: Non-Conventional, Renewable and Conventional by S. Rao and B. B. Parulekar, Khanna Publishers, 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Solar Energy-Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage by S. P. Sukhatme and J. K. Nayak, TMH, 2008.
• 2. Solar Energy Thermal Processes by J. A. Duffie and W. A. Beckman, John Wiley, 2010. M.Tech, I Year, II Sem