JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B. Pharmacy I Year REMEDIAL BIOLOGY Previous Question Paper (January-2018 - R17)

Protists are primarily unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that exhibit diverse modes of nutrition, including autotrophic, heterotrophic, and saprophytic types. They possess a well-defined nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane and contain membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Many species utilize structures like cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia for locomotion and typically inhabit aquatic or moist environments.

Inflorescence refers to the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis or peduncle. The important parts include:

• Peduncle: The main axis or stalk of the inflorescence that bears the flowers. It provides structural support and serves as a pathway for water and nutrients to the floral buds.
• Pedicel: The individual stalk of a single flower. If a flower is attached directly to the peduncle without a stalk, it is termed sessile.
• Bracts: Specialized leaf-like structures located at the base of the peduncle or pedicel. They protect the developing flower bud and may be brightly colored to attract pollinators.
• Floral Axis: The central stem or rachis upon which the flowers are arranged, determining the pattern of growth (e.g., racemose or cymose).