JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Pharmacy II Year PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING Previous Question Paper (October/November-2020 - R17)

A Planetary mixer consists of a vertical mixing bowl and a mixing blade or beater that rotates on its own axis while simultaneously orbiting around the center of the bowl. This dual-motion design ensures that the blade covers every part of the bowl, making it highly efficient for viscous materials.

Construction: It features a stationary mixing bowl, a planetary head containing the drive mechanism, and an interchangeable mixing attachment (such as a paddle, whisk, or dough hook). The motor drives the attachment through a gear system that provides both rotation and revolution.

Working: The material is placed in the bowl. As the mixer operates, the blade rotates at high speed while revolving around the bowl's interior. This creates a folding and shearing action that thoroughly blends ingredients without dead spots.

Uses: It is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for preparing ointments, creams, pastes, and granulations. It is particularly effective for high-viscosity products that require uniform distribution of powders or active ingredients in a base.

A manometer is a scientific instrument used to measure pressure in a fluid by balancing the weight of the fluid column against the pressure exerted by the system. It typically consists of a U-shaped tube containing a liquid, such as water or mercury, where the difference in liquid levels indicates the pressure difference.

The common types of manometers include:

• Simple U-tube manometer
• Well-type manometer
• Inclined tube manometer
• Differential manometer
• Micro-manometer