JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Pharmacy II PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II Previous Question Paper (September - 2024 - R17)
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B.
ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, answer all questions.
iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
Part A
Write the rate equation for a second-order reaction and explain the units of the rate constant.
Answer
The rate equation for a second-order reaction is:
The units of the rate constant (k) are concentration-1 time-1, typically expressed as L mol-1 s-1 or M-1 s-1.
What is the importance of accelerated stability testing in determining the expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms?
Answer
Accelerated stability testing uses elevated temperatures and humidity to speed up chemical and physical degradation processes. By applying the Arrhenius equation to these results, researchers can predict the degradation rate under normal storage conditions, allowing for the estimation of shelf-life and the assignment of an accurate expiration date to pharmaceutical products in a significantly shorter time frame.
Define Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems with examples of each.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Derive the Heckel equation and explain its significance in the study of deformation of solids.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Differentiate between microemulsions and multiple emulsions with examples.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the concept of phase equilibria and its importance in the formulation of emulsions.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Define surface and interfacial tension.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Describe the concept of spreading coefficient and its applications in the study of surface and interfacial phenomena.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Classify different types of colloidal dispersions with suitable examples from pharmaceutical systems.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Differentiate between coacervation and peptization, giving examples of them applications in pharmaceutical systems.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Part B
Explain the concept of reaction kinetics and describe the different orders of reactions (zero, pseudo-zero, first, and second-order) with examples.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Discuss the factors influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical products and the methods to stabilize medicinal agents against common reactions like hydrolysis and oxidation.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What is accelerated stability testing? How the expiration date for pharmaceutical calculated.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the process of photolytic degradation and the preventive measures to be taken.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Define rheology and explain the behavior of Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems with suitable examples.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Discuss the phenomenon of thixotropy and its significance in formulations. Describe the different methods for the determination of viscosity.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the concepts of plastic and elastic deformation of solids.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Define stress, strain, and elastic modulus, and explain their significance in pharmaceutical systems.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What are suspensions? Discuss the interfacial properties of suspended particles and the factors affecting settling in suspensions.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the formulation considerations for suspensions.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Discuss the theories of emulsification and the types of emulsions, including microemulsions and multiple emulsions. Explain the factors affecting the physical stability of emulsions.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Describe the rheological properties of emulsions and the phase equilibria involved in emulsion formulation.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Define surface and interfacial phenomena. Explain the concepts of surface free energy.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Describe the methods for measuring surface and interfacial tensions.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What are surface-active agents? Discuss the HLB scale and its importance in solubilization and detergency.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the phenomenon of adsorption at liquid and solid interfaces and its significance in pharmaceutical systems.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Classify dispersed systems and discuss their general characteristics. Explain the size and shapes of colloidal particles and the classification of colloids.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Compare the general properties of different types of colloids.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Discuss the optical, kinetic, and electrical properties of colloidal systems.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the effect of electrolytes on colloids and the processes of coacervation, peptization, and protective action.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.