JNTU
JNTU B.Pharmacy IV Year MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY - II Previous Question Paper (July - 2023 - R17)
i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B.
ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, answer all questions.
iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
Part A
Give two examples of proton pump inhibitors.
Answer
Two examples of proton pump inhibitors are Omeprazole and Pantoprazole.
Write the mechanism of alkylating agents.
Answer
Alkylating agents exert their cytotoxic effect by transferring an alkyl group to nucleophilic sites on biological macromolecules, primarily the N-7 position of guanine in DNA. The mechanism involves the formation of a highly reactive electrophilic intermediate, such as an aziridinium ion or a carbonium ion.
The process follows these key steps:
- Formation of the reactive electrophile: The nitrogen mustard undergoes intramolecular cyclization to form a strained, highly reactive aziridinium ion.
- Nucleophilic attack: The electron-rich N-7 position of guanine in DNA acts as a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon of the aziridinium ion, resulting in the alkylation of the DNA base.
- Cross-linking: Because alkylating agents are often bifunctional, this process can occur twice, leading to the formation of interstrand or intrastrand cross-links between DNA bases. This cross-linking prevents DNA replication and transcription, ultimately triggering apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells.
Define and give an example for Vasodilators.
Answer
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Classify anti – hypertensive drugs with example.
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Give the structure of any one drug used in Congestive Heart Failure.
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Write the synthesis and uses of Warfarin.
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Define erectile dysfunction agents with examples.
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What are oral contraceptives? Give the structure and uses of any one.
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Classify Local anaesthetics.
Answer
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Write a note on glucosidase inhibitors as antidiabetic agents.
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Part B
Classify antihistaminic drugs with suitable examples.
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Explain the chemistry, SAR and mechanism of action of H1-receptor antagonists. Write the synthesis of Triprolidine hydrochloride.
Answer
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Define antineoplastic agents. Give the structure and uses of Doxorubicin and Cisplatin.
Answer
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Outline the synthesis of Meclorethamine and Methotrexate.
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Categorize Diuretics drugs with at least one structure of each class.
Answer
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Explain the chemistry of thiazide diuretics. Write the synthesis of Chlorthiazide.
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Write the MOA and uses of Calcium channels blockers as anti anginal agent.
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Give the synthesis of Isosorbide dinitrite.
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Classify antiarrhythmic drugs. Write the structure and MOA of Lidocaine hydrochloride.
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Outline the synthesis and uses of Disopyramide phosphate.
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Discuss HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors as Anti-hyperlipidemic agents. Give any one structure.
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Define Anti-Coagulants .Classify with structures.
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Give an account on Thyroid and anti-thyroid drugs with the structures of any two.
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Write briefly on corticosteroids.
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Explain the Nomenclature, stereochemistry and metabolism of steroids.
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Explain the mechanism of action of biguanides as antidiabetic drugs with the structure of Merformin
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Write the synthesis and uses of Tolbutamide.
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Outline the synthesis and uses of Benzocaine, Procaine and Dibucaine.
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