JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Pharmacy IV ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES Previous Question Paper (August/September - 2023 - R17)
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B.
ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, answer all questions.
iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
Part A
Write the principles of H1 and C13 NMR.
Answer
NMR spectroscopy is based on the magnetic properties of nuclei with non-zero spin quantum numbers. When placed in a strong external magnetic field, these nuclei absorb electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency range, causing a transition between spin states. H1 NMR detects protons, while C13 NMR detects the carbon-13 isotope.
What is fragmentation? Explain the fragmentation rules.
Answer
Fragmentation is the process in mass spectrometry where a molecular ion breaks into smaller charged fragments upon electron impact. Key rules include: 1) The molecular ion peak represents the molecular weight. 2) Fragmentation typically occurs to form the most stable carbocation or radical. 3) Cleavage often occurs at branched carbons to form more substituted, stable cations. 4) Rearrangements, such as the McLafferty rearrangement, can occur to stabilize the charge.
Write the principle of DTA.
Answer
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What is X-ray crystallography?
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What are the ICH guidelines for calibration?
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Define calibration and validation.
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Explain the applications of Radio immuno assay.
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Define extraction. Outline the types of extraction techniques.
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What are hyphenated techniques?
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Write the principle of GC-MS/MS.
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Part B
Write the instrumentation and applications of NMR spectroscopy.
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Write the principle and instrumentation of mass spectrometry.
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Write the principle, instrumentation and applications of TGA.
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Discuss the basic aspects of crystals.
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Give a note on rotating crystal technique.
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Explain the calibration of UV-visible spectrophotometer and fluorimeter.
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Write the calibration of HPLC and Flame photometer.
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Discuss the importance, components, principle and limitations of RIA.
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Write the principle and procedure involved in the solid phase extraction technique.
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Write the instrumentation and applications of LC-MS/MS.
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Write the principle, instrumentation, applications of HTPLC-MS.
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