JNTU B.Pharmacy IV ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES Previous Question Paper (June - 2024 - R17)

Why strong magnetic field is necessary in an NMR spectrometer?

Why Electrospray ionization is considered to be more useful than Electron Impact ionization for recording mass spectra of proteins?

What are the notable differences between DTA and DSC techniques?

What is the set of Miller indices, if a plane intercepts at 1 Å, 4 Å, 3 Å at the axes of a crystal with axial length 4 Å, 8 Å, 3 Å?

Define the terms “Calibration” and “Validation”.

Describe the procedure for checking the accuracy of an Electronic balance.

Explain the principle involved with the “Solid Phase Extraction” technique.

Enumerate the ideal properties of a solvent for use in extraction.

What are the goals of using the interface in hyphenated techniques?

Explain the term “Tandem Mass Spectrometry” and indicate its uses in the analytical techniques.

Explain the principle of NMR spectroscopy and describe the general instrumentation of an NMR spectrometer.

Describe at least two techniques of ionization used in Mass spectrometry and mention the advantages of these ionization techniques.

Describe the distinctive features between 1H NMR spectra and 13C NMR spectra. Mention the utility of these spectra.

What is the function of an analyzer of Mass Spectrometer? Explain the working principle of a quadrupole analyzer giving a schematic diagram.

Describe the characteristic features of the DTA thermogram giving a labeled diagram. Mention the important applications of this technique in the pharmaceutical field.

Explain the principle and procedure of powder diffraction technique.

Explain the principle involved, describe the instrumentation, and mention the applications of the Thermogravimetric Analysis.

Describe the applications of X-ray diffraction methods in the study of crystal structure and structure elucidation.

Explain the necessity of calibrating analytical instruments and describe the procedure for the calibration of a UV-Visible spectrophotometer.

“The US FDA protects public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices”- Justify the comment.

“Validation studies are an essential part of GMP and an integral part of quality assurance”-explain the underlying meaning.

Describe the guidelines for the calibration of an IR spectrophotometer.

Explain the principle and general procedure of the RIA technique.

Describe the important factors that affect the extraction of active constituents from a solid matrix.

Describe how the RIA technique can be used in the detection of diseases giving an example.

Explain the working principle and the basic steps involved in the extraction process using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) cartridges.

Why the interfacing of GC-MS is considered to be easier than that of the LC-MS? Describe any one type of interface commonly used in GC-MS.

Explain the working principle of any one type of interface commonly used in LC-MS and describe the pharmaceutical applications of LC-MS/MS technique giving examples.

Describe the advantages of the hyphenated technique of HPTLC with MS and describe an interface used in the HPTLC-MS.

Write a note on the applications of HPTLC-MS in the study of proteins and peptides, small molecules, and pharmaceutical formulations.