JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech IV ESTIMATION, COSTING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT Previous Question Paper (July/August - 2022 - R18)
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Main
What do you mean by estimate? Also explain the different methods of estimate in detail.
Answer
An estimate is the process of calculating the probable cost of a construction project before its execution. It involves a systematic analysis of quantities of materials, labor, tools, and plant requirements based on detailed drawings and specifications. The primary objective is to provide a realistic financial projection to ensure budgetary control and project feasibility.
The methods of estimation are categorized based on the stage of the project and the level of detail required:
- Preliminary or Approximate Estimate: Prepared during the initial planning stage to obtain administrative approval. It provides a rough cost assessment based on similar past projects or plinth area rates.
- Detailed Estimate: A comprehensive calculation prepared after final drawings and specifications are ready. It includes the quantity of each item of work, current market rates, and overheads, providing a precise cost breakdown.
- Plinth Area Estimate: Calculated by multiplying the plinth area of the building by the plinth area rate of a similar structure in the same locality.
- Cubic Rate Estimate: Based on the total volume of the building (plinth area multiplied by height). It is more accurate than the plinth area method as it accounts for the vertical dimensions of the structure.
- Revised Estimate: A detailed estimate prepared when the original sanctioned estimate is likely to exceed by more than 5% due to material cost fluctuations or changes in design.
- Supplementary Estimate: Prepared during the construction phase to account for additional works that were not included in the original project design but are deemed necessary for completion.
- Annual Repair or Maintenance Estimate: A recurring estimate prepared to maintain the building in a serviceable condition, covering items like painting, white-washing, and minor structural repairs.
Find the quantity of Earth work, lime concrete in foundation and brick work in super structure of single room with verandah as per the plan and elevation given below. And door size is 1.2m × 2.0m.
Answer
To calculate the quantities, we assume standard dimensions for a single room (e.g., 4m x 4m) and a verandah (e.g., 4m x 2m) with a wall thickness of 0.3m. The foundation depth is assumed as 0.9m and plinth height as 0.45m.
| Item | Description | Calculation | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Earthwork | Excavation in foundation | (Length of walls) x (Width 0.9m) x (Depth 0.9m) | Approx. 18.5 m³ |
| Lime Concrete | Foundation base | (Length of walls) x (Width 0.9m) x (Depth 0.3m) | Approx. 6.2 m³ |
| Brickwork | Superstructure | (Total wall length x Height) - (Door opening 1.2m x 2.0m) | Approx. 15.8 m³ |
The total length of the walls is calculated using the center-line method: L = Σ(center-to-center lengths). Deductions for door openings are made from the superstructure brickwork volume only. The earthwork and concrete quantities are based on the foundation trench width of 0.9m.
A simply supported beam of size 300mm × 450mm resting on two wall supports of 300mm thick with clear distance between supports 4500mm. The reinforcement provided in the beam is as follows. Calculate quantity of steel in beam.
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Calculate the quantity of earthwork, for a bank of canal from following data:
a) Top width 1.8m b) R.L. Top of the Bank: 104.00m, c) Side slope 2:1 on one side & 2.5:1 on other side.
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What is Rate Analysis? Also explain its importance in construction work. Find the rate analysis for 100 sq. m of plastering with mortar ratio of 1:6.
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Find the rate analysis of 10 m3 of cement concrete work in foundation of 1:5:10 with brick ballast of 40mm gauge. Assume the rates.
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What is Valuation and Depreciation? Explain different methods of Depreciation.
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What are the different stages of construction project planning.
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Write a short note on CPM and PERT.
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