JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech IV ESTIMATING AND COSTING Previous Question Paper (December - 2020 - R16)
Answer any Five Questions. All Questions Carry Equal Marks.
Main
Explain the earthwork in excavation in foundations of buildings by Long wall-Short wall method.
Answer
The Long wall-Short wall method is a systematic approach for estimating earthwork in building foundations. In this method, the walls of the building are classified into two categories: Long walls (usually the longer dimension of the room) and Short walls (the perpendicular walls between the long walls).
The estimation process follows these steps:
- Identify the center-to-center lengths of all long walls and short walls from the plan.
- Calculate the center-to-center length of long walls by adding half the width of the foundation/wall on both sides to the internal room dimension.
- Calculate the center-to-center length of short walls by subtracting half the width of the foundation/wall on both sides from the internal room dimension.
- Determine the actual length for excavation by adding the width of the foundation to the center-to-center length for long walls, and subtracting the width of the foundation from the center-to-center length for short walls.
- Calculate the quantity of earthwork by multiplying the determined length by the width of the excavation trench and the depth of the foundation.
The total volume of earthwork is the sum of the volumes of all long wall trenches and short wall trenches. This method is highly preferred for its simplicity and reduced risk of double-counting or omitting corners compared to the center-line method, as it clearly defines the boundaries of each wall segment.
Write short notes on:
Plinth Area Estimate
Answer
A Plinth Area Estimate is a preliminary or approximate estimate prepared to determine the rough cost of a building project based on its plinth area. The plinth area is defined as the built-up covered area measured at the floor level of the basement or any story. The estimate is calculated by multiplying the total plinth area of the building by the current plinth area rate, which is derived from the cost of similar buildings constructed in the same locality. This method is primarily used for administrative approval and budget allocation in the early stages of a project.
Revised Estimate
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Supplementary Estimate
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The formation width of a road embankment is 10.0m. The side slopes are 2.5:1. The depths along the center line of road at 40.0m intervals are 1.2, 1.1, 1.4, 1.2, 0.9, 1.5 and 1.0.m. It is required to calculate the quantity of earthwork by Prismoidal rule.
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Calculate the quantity of each work for 200m length for a portion of a road in an uniform ground the heights of bank at the two ends being 1.00m and 1.60m. The formation width is 1.0 m and side slopes 2:1 (H:V). Assume that there is no transverse slope. Use the Mean - sectional area method.
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Perform the Rate analysis for the Cement Concrete Floor 1:2:4.
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Perform the Rate analysis for the Brick work in super structure in 1:4.
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Describe the procedure for the calculation of rate per unit cu.m of Random Rubble stone masonry in foundation and plinth.
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Briefly write about various types of contracts and mention their suitability and limitations.
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A building is situated by the side of a main road of Mumbai city on a land of 600 sq.m. The built-up portion in 25m × 30m. The building is first class type and provided with water supply, sanitary and electric fittings, and the age of the building is 30 years. Workout the valuation of the property. Assume plinth area rate is Rs.400.00 and cost of land as Rs.7000 per sq.m.
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