JNTU
JNTU B.Tech III MIDDLEWARE TECHNOLOGIES Previous Question Paper (September - 2021 - R18)
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Main
Explain the evolution of corporate computing models from centralized and distributed computing.
Answer
The evolution of corporate computing has transitioned through distinct paradigms, primarily driven by advancements in networking, processing power, and the need for organizational agility.
Centralized Computing (Mainframe Era): In the early stages, computing was dominated by large, powerful mainframes. All processing, data storage, and application logic resided on a single central system. Users interacted with the mainframe via 'dumb' terminals that lacked local processing capabilities. This model offered high security and centralized control but suffered from single points of failure and limited scalability.
Distributed Computing (Client-Server Era): As microprocessors became affordable, the industry shifted toward distributed computing. This model divides tasks between service providers (servers) and service requesters (clients). Processing is offloaded to the client machine, improving responsiveness and allowing for modular application development. This era introduced the two-tier architecture, where the client handles the user interface and some business logic, while the server manages the database.
Evolutionary Drivers: The transition was necessitated by the limitations of centralized systems, specifically the inability to support diverse departmental needs and the high cost of mainframe maintenance. Distributed computing enabled resource sharing across local area networks (LANs).
Modern Middleware-Centric Model: The evolution continued into multi-tier architectures, requiring Middleware to bridge the gap between heterogeneous systems. Middleware acts as the glue, enabling communication between disparate applications, databases, and operating systems. This allows organizations to integrate legacy mainframe systems with modern web-based applications, leading to the current state of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and cloud-based distributed computing, which prioritize interoperability, scalability, and platform independence.
Discuss the benefits provided by CORBA object request broker.
Answer
The Object Request Broker (ORB) is the core component of the CORBA architecture, acting as the middleware bus that allows objects to transparently make and receive requests and responses. Its primary benefits include:
- Location Transparency: The ORB allows a client to invoke a method on an object without needing to know whether the object is located on the same machine or a remote server.
- Platform and Language Independence: By using the Interface Definition Language (IDL), the ORB enables interoperability between objects written in different programming languages (e.g., C++, Java, Python) running on heterogeneous operating systems.
- Interoperability: Through the General Inter-ORB Protocol (GIOP) and its implementation IIOP, the ORB allows different vendor implementations of ORBs to communicate with each other.
- Dynamic Invocation: It supports both static and dynamic invocation, allowing clients to discover and call methods on objects at runtime, which increases system flexibility.
- Service Integration: The ORB provides a standard infrastructure for integrating CORBA services such as naming, security, transactions, and event notification, simplifying the development of complex distributed systems.
Contrast ORB and remote procedure call.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Describe the different services provided by CORBA as per OMG standards.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
List the object oriented programming features of C# language.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Discuss the need of the following .NET predefined attributes:
Obsolete
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Serializable
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
SeriveContract
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
DllImport
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
How can a client find an object in the namespace created by server? Explain with an example.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Demonstrate the usage of CORBA trader 101.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What types of services are provided by Java to Java Beans? Explain.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Compare compile time and run time Java Beans.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
"CORBA components are JavaBeans++." Substantiate this statement with appropriate examples.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What Enterprise Java Beans can expect from their containers?
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Describe the EJB client/server development process with a necessary diagram.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.