JNTU B.Tech III COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND OPERATING SYSTEM Previous Question Paper (February - 2023 - R16)

A Multiprocessor is a computer system that uses two or more central processing units (CPUs) within a single computer system, all of which share a common main memory and I/O devices, and are controlled by a single operating system. A Multicomputer is a system consisting of multiple independent computers, each having its own local memory and CPU, which communicate with each other through an interconnection network to perform tasks in parallel.

Computer instructions are categorized based on the nature of the operation they perform and the number of operands they manipulate. The primary categories are:

1. Data Transfer Instructions: These move data between registers, memory locations, or I/O devices without altering the content (e.g., LOAD, STORE, MOVE).
2. Data Processing (Arithmetic and Logical) Instructions: These perform computational tasks on data. Arithmetic instructions include ADD, SUBTRACT, and MULTIPLY, while logical instructions include AND, OR, NOT, and XOR operations.
3. Program Control (Branch/Flow) Instructions: These alter the sequential execution of instructions by changing the program counter. Examples include unconditional jumps, conditional branches (e.g., JUMP IF ZERO), and subroutine calls (CALL, RETURN).