JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech II Year DIGITAL LOGIC AND PULSE CIRCUITS Previous Question Paper (February - 2024 - R16)
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B. ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks.
Part A
Convert the following binary number to Gray code: i) 1101101 ii) 1101.
Answer
- To convert a binary number to Gray code, the Most Significant Bit (MSB) of the Gray code is the same as the MSB of the binary number. Each subsequent bit of the Gray code is obtained by performing an XOR operation between the current binary bit and the previous binary bit.
- i) Binary 1101101:
Binary: 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
Gray bit 6 (MSB): 1
Gray bit 5: 1 ⊕ 1 = 0
Gray bit 4: 1 ⊕ 0 = 1
Gray bit 3: 0 ⊕ 1 = 1
Gray bit 2: 1 ⊕ 1 = 0
Gray bit 1: 1 ⊕ 0 = 1
Gray bit 0: 0 ⊕ 1 = 1
Result: 1011011 - ii) Binary 1101:
Binary: 1 1 0 1
Gray bit 3 (MSB): 1
Gray bit 2: 1 ⊕ 1 = 0
Gray bit 1: 1 ⊕ 0 = 1
Gray bit 0: 0 ⊕ 1 = 1
Result: 1011
How error corrected by using error correcting codes?
Answer
- Error-correcting codes (ECC) function by introducing controlled redundancy into the transmitted data. This redundancy allows the receiver to not only detect the presence of an error but also to pinpoint the exact location of the corrupted bit and invert it to restore the original information.
- The process relies on the calculation of parity bits, which are appended to the data bits. These parity bits are generated based on specific mathematical relationships (such as those defined in Hamming codes) between the data bits.
- Upon reception, the system recalculates the parity bits using the received data. The difference between the calculated parity and the received parity produces a value known as the syndrome.
- If the syndrome is zero, the data is assumed to be error-free. If the syndrome is non-zero, it acts as a pointer or index indicating the specific bit position that has been flipped.
- By applying the inverse operation (flipping the bit at the identified position), the receiver automatically corrects the error without requiring retransmission of the data.
State the Demorgan’s theorem.
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Obtain the simplified expression in POS form F(A,B,C,D) = ∑ m(5,6,7,8,9,12,13,14).
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Discuss a few applications of sequential circuits.
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Compare latch and flip flop.
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What is an attenuator?
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Classify different types of clipper circuits.
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Mention the applications of Astable Multivibrator.
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Compare Miller and Bootstrap circuits.
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Part B
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Describe the operations performed by the following logic circuits with an example:
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