JNTU
JNTU B.Tech IV MULTIMEDIA AND SIGNAL CODING Previous Question Paper (October/November - 2020 - R15)
Answer any Five Questions. All Questions Carry Equal Marks.
Main
What are the different authoring metaphors are available? Explain them with examples.
Answer
Authoring metaphors are the conceptual frameworks used to organize and present multimedia content. The primary metaphors include:
- Scripting Metaphor: Uses a script or programming language to control the flow of multimedia elements. It offers high flexibility and control. Example: ActionScript in Adobe Flash or JavaScript in HTML5.
- Slide Show Metaphor: Organizes content in a linear, sequential fashion, similar to a traditional presentation. Example: Microsoft PowerPoint or Google Slides.
- Hierarchical Metaphor: Structures information in a tree-like format, where users navigate through branches of content. Example: Interactive menus in DVD navigation or software help systems.
- Iconic/Flowchart Metaphor: Uses visual icons or nodes connected by lines to represent the flow of the application. Example: Adobe Authorware or flow-based visual programming tools.
- Book/Document Metaphor: Organizes content as pages in a book, allowing users to flip through or jump to specific sections. Example: E-book readers or interactive digital magazines.
What are the various popular file formats used for information exchange. Explain them.
Answer
File formats are standardized methods for encoding information to ensure compatibility across different systems. Popular formats include:
- Text/Document Formats: PDF (Portable Document Format) is the standard for document exchange as it preserves formatting across platforms. RTF (Rich Text Format) is used for cross-platform text compatibility.
- Image Formats: JPEG is widely used for lossy compressed photographic images. PNG is preferred for lossless compression and transparency support. GIF is used for simple animations and limited color palettes.
- Audio Formats: MP3 is the standard for compressed audio. WAV is an uncompressed format used for high-fidelity audio storage.
- Video Formats: MP4 (MPEG-4) is the most common container format for streaming and storage. AVI is a legacy container format that supports multiple codecs.
- Data Exchange Formats: XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) are the industry standards for exchanging structured data between web applications and services.
What is ‘gamma’? Explain the effect of gamma correction.
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Draw CIELAB model and explain how it is formed.
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Explain the process of chroma subsampling with neat diagrams.
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How the Q signal can be extract from the NTSC chroma signal?
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Explain how signal-to-quantization-noise ratio is characterized the quality of quantization of audio signal?
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Explain any one modulation technique used to transmit digital audio.
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Explain the shannon-Fano variable length code with example and how it is used for compression.
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Suppose the alphabet is [A,B,C], and the known probability distribution is PA = 0.5, PB = 0.4, PC = 0.1. For simplicity, let’s assume that both encoder and decoder know that the length of the messages is always 3, so there is no need for a terminator. How many bits are needed to encode the message BBB by Arithmetic coding?
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Define 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform and explain how it is used for image compression?
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Consider the four 3D input vectors X1=(4,4,5), X2=(3,2,5), X3=(5,7,6) and X4=(6,6,7). Find KL transform of it and prove that it useful in compressing the data.
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Explain H.261 p-frame coding based on motion compensation with neat diagram.
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Draw the block diagram of H.261 encoder and explain its working.
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How LPC vocoders extract silent feature of speech directly from the waveform?
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Explain two kinds of predictions in CELP coders, used to eliminate the redundancy in speech.
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