JNTU
JNTU B.Tech III INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS Previous Question Paper (March - 2024 - R16)
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B. ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, Answer all questions. iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
PART A
List the objectives of mechatronics.
Answer
The primary objectives of mechatronics are to enhance the functionality, flexibility, and reliability of engineering systems through the synergistic integration of mechanical, electrical, and computer control systems. Specifically, it aims to achieve higher precision, faster response times, reduced energy consumption, and the automation of complex tasks that were previously difficult or impossible to perform with traditional mechanical systems alone.
Explain any one application of the mechatronic system with neat sketch.
Answer
A common application of a mechatronic system is an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) in automobiles. This system integrates mechanical components (valves, pump), electronic sensors (wheel speed sensors), and control logic (Electronic Control Unit) to prevent wheel lock-up during emergency braking.
The system operates through a closed-loop feedback mechanism:
- Sensors continuously monitor the rotational speed of each wheel.
- The ECU processes this data; if a wheel is detected to be locking up, the ECU commands the hydraulic valves to reduce brake pressure.
- Once the wheel regains traction, the system reapplies pressure, cycling this process rapidly to maintain optimal braking force and steering control.
Sketch Description: The system consists of a brake pedal connected to a master cylinder, which feeds into a hydraulic modulator. Wheel speed sensors at each wheel send signals to the ECU, which in turn controls the hydraulic unit to modulate brake pressure at each individual wheel independently.
What is the need of interfacing?
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Explain the bipolar transistors.
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What is a brushless DC motor?
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List some applications of microprocessor and microcontrollers.
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What is the basic of PLC?
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Explain a ladder diagram with an example.
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Enlist various types of control actions.
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What is proximity sensor? Where is proximity sensors used?
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PART B
What is mechatronics? How is it different from the traditional approach of designing? State the advantage of using the mechatronic design methodology?
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Explain the requirements for signal conditioning.
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Explain the basic principles of the operational amplifiers.
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What is sensor interfacing? What are the types of sensors used for interfacing?
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Differentiate between CNC and DNC machines. Explain the type of adaptive control used in CNC machines.
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Draw schematic block diagram of a microcontroller showing peripheral units. Figure out a typical microprocessor and microcontroller based control design.
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Explain the working of digital to analog and analog to digital converters.
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Draw the ladder rungs to represent:
- Two switches are normally open and both have to be closed for a motor to operate;
- Either of two, normally open, switches have to be closed for a coil to be energized and operate an actuator;
- A motor is switched on by pressing a spring-return push-button start switch, and the motor remains on until another spring-return push-button stop switch is pressed.
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Describe the basic structure of PLCs and their operation.
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The transfer function of a first order system is given by:
Find out the output response by using Laplace transform method if the following signals are applied at the input. (a) A step signal of 5 units (b) A ramp signal with slope 5.
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What is the automatic control system? Explain with an example.
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Briefly discuss about the automatic control methods.
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