JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech IV TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Previous Question Paper (September - 2022 - R16)
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Main
Trace the history of evolution of quality movement. Also highlight the contributions of any four of the quality gurus over the years.
Answer
The evolution of the quality movement is categorized into four distinct stages:
- Inspection (Early 1900s): Focused on detecting defective products after production. Quality was viewed as a post-manufacturing activity to sort good from bad.
- Statistical Quality Control (1930s-1940s): Introduced by Walter Shewhart, this stage shifted focus to controlling the process rather than just the product using statistical tools and control charts.
- Quality Assurance (1950s-1970s): Emphasized prevention of defects rather than detection. It integrated quality into all functional areas of an organization, moving beyond the shop floor.
- Total Quality Management (1980s-Present): A holistic, customer-focused approach involving continuous improvement, employee empowerment, and strategic management to achieve long-term success.
Key contributions of four prominent quality gurus:
- Walter A. Shewhart: Known as the father of statistical quality control, he developed the concept of control charts and the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, which remains the foundation for process improvement.
- W. Edwards Deming: Famous for his 14 points for management and his work in Japan. He emphasized that quality is a management responsibility and that variation is the primary enemy of quality.
- Joseph M. Juran: Introduced the Juran Trilogy (Quality Planning, Quality Control, and Quality Improvement) and emphasized the importance of the human element and management's role in achieving quality.
- Philip B. Crosby: Promoted the concept of 'Zero Defects' and argued that 'quality is free' because the cost of non-conformance (rework, waste, inspection) far outweighs the cost of prevention.
Why do you think that control of ‘process quality’ is better approach to mere final inspection of the product?
Answer
Focusing on process quality control rather than final inspection shifts the strategy from detection to prevention. Final inspection is reactive; it identifies defects only after they have been produced, leading to waste, rework, and increased costs. In contrast, process control monitors variables during production to ensure the process remains within defined statistical control limits.
By controlling the process, manufacturers can identify assignable causes of variation early, allowing for adjustments before non-conforming products are created. This approach reduces scrap rates, minimizes inspection overhead, improves overall process capability, and ensures consistent quality output, which is fundamentally more economical and reliable than filtering out bad parts at the end of the line.
Sketch the OC curves for the following two cases, clearly showing parameters of X and Y axis. n = 40 c = 1; n = 440 c = 4 and discuss briefly the shape and property of the two curves.
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What is supplier partnering approach? What is the effect of smooth coordination between supplier and manufacturer on quality performance? Why?
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What is the concept of ‘internal customer’? What purpose does it serve in quality improvement?
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What is the importance on deciding what to benchmark and the standards for benchmarking?
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How do you justify that quality focus in an organization is closely interlinked to its customer focus?
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Who form the members of quality circles? Describe the role played by ‘quality circle member’?
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What is scatter diagram? How can it serve to analyze quality issues?
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What is the step-by-step approach for transforming a traditional organization to TQM organization?
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What is pareto diagram? What does it highlight?
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What is the importance of classifying quality costs? What are the various components of internal and external failure costs of quality?
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What are ISO 9000 standards? Describe each of them briefly.
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