JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B. Tech II Year THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS Previous Question Paper (April/May - 2023 - R16)
i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B.
ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, Answer all questions.
iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
Part A
(25 Marks)
How thermodynamic equilibrium is defined?
Answer
Thermodynamic equilibrium is a state of a system in which its macroscopic properties, such as temperature, pressure, and chemical composition, remain constant over time and do not change unless the system is subjected to an external influence. For a system to be in complete thermodynamic equilibrium, it must simultaneously satisfy three conditions: thermal equilibrium (uniform temperature), mechanical equilibrium (no unbalanced forces or pressure gradients), and chemical equilibrium (no net chemical reactions or mass transfer between phases).
What is constant volume process?
Answer
A constant volume process, also known as an isochoric process, is a thermodynamic process in which the volume of the system remains unchanged throughout the transformation. Since the volume is constant, the displacement work done by or on the system is zero, as defined by the integral of pressure with respect to volume.
According to the first law of thermodynamics, for a closed system undergoing an isochoric process, the heat transferred is equal to the change in internal energy of the system:
In this equation, Cv represents the specific heat capacity at constant volume, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
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What is enthalpy?
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How second law of thermodynamics is defined?
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What are different types of irreversibilities?
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What is the significance of Σ function?
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What is the meaning of thermodynamically feasible process?
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Define order of a reaction.
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What is half-life period?
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Part B
(50 Marks)
Explain the following:
Concepts of system and state with examples.
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Zeroth law of thermodynamics, adiabatic process.
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Write short notes on the following:
Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems
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Thermodynamic equilibrium.
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If one mole of an ideal gas at an initial pressure of P1 occupying a volume V1 is allowed to expand isothermally (at T1) and reversibly, and adiabatically and reversibly, to the same final volume V2, show that:
The work done by the system during isothermal expansion is larger than that under adiabatic condition,
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The final pressure P2 under isothermal expansion is greater than P2 reached after adiabatic expansion,
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Temperature (T2) attained after adiabatic expansion is less than the temperature T1.
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Does the first law of thermodynamics deny the possibility of a spontaneous process reversing itself or does it specify the direction of a process? Explain with the help of two examples.
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Prove that the above expression from the fundamentals.
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An adiabatic vessel contains 1000 gm of liquid Al at 973 K. Calculate the weight of Cr2O3 which, when added to the liquid Al (with which it reacts to form Cr and Al2O3) raises the temperature of the resulting mixture of Al2O3 (s), Cr (s) and Cr2O3 (s) to 1273 K. The initial temperature of the added Cr2O3 is 298 K. Given: M.P. of Al is 933 K.
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What is Kirchoff’s law? Derive an expression for ΔCp in terms of enthalpy.
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Define the expression for [dG/dV]s. Express the answer in terms of Cp, Cv, α, βT, S and T.
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Calculate the final temperature and the entropy produced when 1500 g of Pb at 373 K is placed in 100 g of adiabatically contained water, the initial temperature of which is 298 K. Given: Cp(H2O) = 75.445 J.K-1.mole-1, Cp(Pb) = 26.70 J.K-1.g-atom-1. The molar masses of H2O and Pb are 18 g and 207 g respectively. Show through calculations that the process is irreversible.
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Explain the significance of the sign of free energy change.
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Derive an expression for equilibrium constant in terms of standard free energy changes.
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What is the importance of Maxwell relations in thermodynamics?
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Define the intensive properties in terms of thermodynamic potentials.
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Write short notes on the following:
Collision theory
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Effect of concentration on rate of reaction.
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Discuss about different methods of determination of order of a reaction.
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