JNTU
JNTU B.Tech II CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS Previous Question Paper (February - 2024 - R13)
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B.
ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, answer all questions.
iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
Part A
What are the uses of Unit operations in a chemical industry? Give examples for unit operations.
Answer
Unit operations are the fundamental physical steps used in chemical processes to change the composition, state, or properties of materials. They are used to separate components, transfer heat, or change particle size. Examples include distillation, filtration, evaporation, and drying.
Define “wall turbulence” and “free turbulence” in fluid flow.
Answer
Wall turbulence refers to the turbulent flow occurring in the immediate vicinity of a solid boundary, where viscous forces are significant and the velocity gradient is steep. Free turbulence refers to turbulent flow occurring in regions away from solid boundaries, such as in jets, wakes, or mixing layers, where the flow is dominated by inertial forces and shear stresses between fluid layers.
State Hagen – Poiseuille equation. Mention the applications.
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What are the limitations of universal velocity-distribution laws for turbulent flow?
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What are the uses of Mach number in analyzing the flow of compressible fluids?
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What is the physical meaning of “asterisk condition” in compressible fluid flow?
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Define drag coefficient. Mention the uses flow past immersed solids.
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What is fluidization? Mention the conditions and applications for fluidization.
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What is Cavitation in pumps?
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What is the principle of operation and uses of rotameter?
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Part B
Applying force balance on static element of fluid, show that the pressure at any point in static fluid is independent of direction.
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The deepest point in the oceans of the world is believed to be in the Marianas Trench, southeast of Japan; there the depth is about 11,000 m. What is the pressure at that point in kPa and in atm? Density of sea water is 1030 kg/m3.
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Explain the factors that determine the point at which turbulence appears in a laminar boundary layer.
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Using macroscopic momentum balance, explain the determination of momentum correction factor (β) and “momentum of total stream” for the steady state fluid flow in x – direction.
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Define Fanning friction factor and Darcy friction factor. Mention the importance in fluid mechanics.
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Explain the determination of average velocity, kinetic energy factor and momentum correction factor for laminar flow of Newtonian fluids in pipes.
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The power (P) required by an agitator (Watts) in a tank is a function of the following variables: diameter (D) of the agitator (meter), number of rotations (N) of the impeller per unit time (1/s), viscosity of liquid (μ in Pa.s) and density of liquid (ρ in kg/m3). From dimensional analysis using Buckingham's pi method, obtain a relation between power and the four variables.
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Derive the “total energy balance” equation and “mechanical energy balance” equation for the steady state flow of compressible fluids.
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Write the equation to calculate the changes in pressure and temperature in adiabatic frictional flow through a conduit of constant cross section.
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Explain the determination of fluid properties in the flow of compressible fluids using ideal gas equations.
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Derive the basic equation for isothermal frictional flow by introducing the mass velocity into the mechanical-energy balance equation.
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Derive Kozeny – Carman equation for fluid flow through bed of solids.
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With a model graph, explain the forces acting and variation of drag coefficient as a function of Reynolds number for a solid sphere settling under gravity in static liquid.
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Discuss the conditions for bubbling fluidization and particulate fluidization.
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With neat sketch, explain the constructional details and theory of operation for centrifugal pump.
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Explain the working principle of gate valve and check valve.
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With neat sketch, explain the working of pitot tube. Mention the uses of pitot tube.
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